Hossain worked at the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, Bureau of Statistics, and Sonali Bank.[4] He resigned from this government job after assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975.[4]
He was the chairperson of Sonar Bangla Insurance Limited, Khan Shaheb Sheikh Mosharraf Hossain Foundation, Central Depository Bangladesh Limited.[4] Hossain was the founding chairperson of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital.[4] He was also the founding chairperson of Khan Shaheb Sheikh Mosharraf Hossain School and College in Tungipara, Gopalganj.[4] Hossain was the chairperson of National Tea Company Limited.[7] In July 2005, he was elected director of The International Association of Lions Clubs in Hong Kong for a two-year term.[8]
On 16 September 2008, Hossain chaired a meeting of Tungipara Association which demanded that the caretaker government release former Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina from prison.[9]
On 15 December 2010, Hossain was elected chairman of Bangladesh Insurance Association.[10] He was a director of Channel 24 and launched its test transmission in August 2011.[11]
Hossain was the President of the Bangladesh Insurance Association, a trade association of insurance companies in Bangladesh.[5] He asked the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to not hold strikes due to their detrimental effect on the economy.[12] He was the chairperson of Fareast International University and non-profit H.E.L.P. (Health and Education for the Local underprivileged People).[5] He was the Managing Director of Kabico Limited.[5] Hossain was also the Managing Director of Masuda Dairy Nutrition Limited.[5] In 2013, he was part of a panel formed by Dhaka Stock Exchange to investigate problems at the stock market.[13]
He was the Chairperson of the Association of Private Universities of Bangladesh, a trade association of private universities in Bangladesh.[14] He was reelected President of the Association in 2017.[15] He was also the chairperson of the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society.[14] Hossain was the director of the Dhaka Stock Exchange.[14] He was a Trustee Board member of the Bangabandhu Academy for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development.[16]
Hossain was re-elected chairperson of National Tea Company Limited.[17]
In April 2021, Hossain was re-elected President of the Bangladesh Insurance Association.[18] He served as president of association from 2011.[19]
He described the imposition of 15 percent income tax on private universities by the Government of Bangladesh as "unacceptable" in July 2021.[20] He also sought the intervention of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to repeal the law.[21] He was a member of the Board of Governors of Bangladesh Open University.[22]
