Shubha (Arabic)
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Shubha (Arabic: شبهة doubt, obscurity, or mis-grounded conceit)[1] is an Islamic term referring to the duty of leaders/judges to consider any doubt (shubha) before implementing a verdict in a criminal case of any degree. Muhammad said not to implement serious punishment in cases of uncertainty, with the phrase: "ادرؤوا الحدود بالشبهات" ("seek doubts to avoid punishment").
