Siege of Saati

In 1885 Italy occupied the Eritrean port of Massawa, then in Egyptian hands, and made it a base for a subsequent inland expansion.^[1] Inevitably, Italian interests clashed with those of the neighboring Ethiopian Empire which for some time had aimed at an outlet on the Red Sea. However, unlike other European powers, Italy undertook a very slow process of penetration into the Eritrean hinterland. In fact, the town of Saati, 28 km from Massawa, was occupied by two companies commanded by Major Giovanni Boretti supported by 300 Bashi-bazouk, only on January 14 1887. Then, the Italians entrenched themselves on a hill and built a small fort on it. Four days later Ras Alula wrote to Boretti asking that the men in Saati abandon their positions. On January 24, about 20,000 Ethiopians under Ras Alula's command camped 5 km from the fort of Saati.^[2]

At dawn on January 25, a patrol led by Lieutenant Federico Cuomo, from Messina, was sent on reconnaissance towards the Ethiopian camp, but were surprised attacked and the Italians were forced to take refuge in the fort after a violent firefight. In the meantime Boretti became aware of an Ethiopian attempt to circumvent the Italian positions and thus began to bomb the enemy troops below.

Towards noon another patrol saw other Abyssinian troops who, having seen themselves uncovered, attacked the fort in large numbers. When the enemies reached 300 meters from the fort, the Italians opened fire. The attack lasted about four hours, after which the Ethiopians withdrew due to heavy losses.

• 9th company of the 6th Infantry Regiment
• 10th company of the 7th Infantry Regiment
• A section of the 1st Company of the 17th Artillery Rgt
• 6 buluc of Bashi-bazouk