Siege of Wexford (1169)
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changes Wexford and part of southeast Leinster comes under Norman control
| Siege of Wexford (1169) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Norman Invasion of Ireland | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Normans | Norse-Gaels of Wexford | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Robert FitzStephen Diarmait Mac Murchada | Unknown | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
900–1,000 Including: 500 Irish allies | ~2,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 18 killed | 3 killed, several ships destroyed | ||||||||
The siege of Wexford took place in early May 1169 and was the first major clash of the Norman invasion of Ireland. The town was besieged by a combined force of Normans under Robert Fitz-Stephen and soldiers loyal to Diarmait mac Murchadha. After being ousted as King of Leinster, Diarmait had recruited the Normans to help him regain control of Leinster and the semi-independent Norse-Gaelic seaport of Wexford. Although the attackers did not breach the town's walls, Wexford surrendered after almost two days and came under Norman control.
In 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada had been deposed as King of Leinster (Irish: Laighin) and exiled from Ireland by the High King of Ireland, Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair and his ally Tigernán Ua Ruairc. Diarmait was determined to regain his kingdom and become High King himself. He fled to France and asked for military aid from the Anglo-Norman King of England, Henry II. Henry authorized Diarmait to seek help from the Anglo-Norman and Cambro-Norman lords in his kingdom. Those who agreed to help included Richard de Clare (nicknamed "Strongbow") and half-brothers Robert Fitz-Stephen and Maurice FitzGerald. Fitz-Stephan was accompanied by his half-nephew Robert de Barry. Strongbow was offered Diarmait's daughter Aoife in marriage and promised the kingship of Leinster on Diarmait's death. Robert and Maurice were promised lands in Wexford and elsewhere for their services.
About 1 May 1169, Fitz-Stephen landed at Bannow Bay with a force of 30 knights, 60 armsmen and 300 bowmen. The next day, Maurice de Prendergast landed at the same spot with ten knights and 60 bowmen. This force merged with about 500 soldiers commanded by Diarmait and marched to Wexford (Loch Garman).
Skirmish at Duncormick
On its way to Wexford, the army was confronted by Gaels or Norse-Gaels at Duncormac (Dún Cormaic). After a short skirmish, it fought its way across the river and continued northeastwards to Wexford. It is unknown what casualties were inflicted. The 1971 Capuchin Annual (page 399) argues that this skirmish "deserves greater respect in history than it has got" because it was "the first battle of the Norman invasion, the first attempt to stop the foreigners, the first bloody encounter in a struggle which was to endure for eight hundred years".
