Simpsonichthys

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Genus of fishes

Simpsonichthys

Simpsonichthys parallelus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Rivulidae
Genus:	Simpsonichthys A. L. de Carvalho, 1959
Type species
Simpsonichthys boitonei A. L. de Carvalho, 1959

Simpsonichthys is a genus of killifish from the family Rivulidae the species of which are endemic to temporary freshwater habitats like ponds in the upper Paraná, upper Araguaia, upper Jequitinhonha and São Francisco basins on the central Brazilian Plateau.^[1] They are small annual killifish that reach up to 5.5 cm (2.2 in) in standard length.^[2]^[3]

As delineated by Fishbase the following species are included within the genus Simpsonichthys:

Simpsonichthys alternatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1994)
Simpsonichthys boitonei A. L. de Carvalho, 1959 (Lyrefin pearlfish)
Simpsonichthys bokermanni (Carvalho, da & Cruz, 1987)
Simpsonichthys cholopteryx W. J. E. M. Costa, C. L. R. Moreira & F. C. T. Lima, 2003
Simpsonichthys constanciae (G. S. Myers), 1942 (Featherfin pearlfish)
Simpsonichthys delucai Costa, 2003
Simpsonichthys espinhacensis Nielsen, Pessali & Dutra, 2017^[4]
Simpsonichthys fasciatus Costa & Brasil, 2006
Simpsonichthys gibberatus Costa & Brasil, 2006
Simpsonichthys margaritatus Costa, 2012
Simpsonichthys marginatus Costa & Brasil, 1996
Simpsonichthys multiradiatus Costa & Brasil, 1994
Simpsonichthys nielseni Costa, 2005
Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus Costa, 2007
Simpsonichthys ocellatus Costa, Nielsen & de Luca 2001
Simpsonichthys parallelus Costa, 2000
Simpsonichthys perpendicularis Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
Simpsonichthys punctulatus Costa & Brasil, 2007
Simpsonichthys rosaceus Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
Simpsonichthys rufus Costa, Nielsen, de & Luca, 2001
Simpsonichthys santanae (Shibatta & Garavello, 1992)
Simpsonichthys similis Costa & Hellner, 1999
Simpsonichthys stellatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)
Simpsonichthys suzarti Costa, 2004
Simpsonichthys trilineatus (Costa & Brasil, 1994)
Simpsonichthys virgulatus (Costa & Brasil, 2006)
Simpsonichthys zonatus (Costa & Brasil, 1990)

Simpsonichthys sensu lato was formerly one of the larger genera in the family, but four former subgenera were elevated to full genera in 2010: Hypsolebias, Ophthalmolebias, Spectrolebias and Xenurolebias.^[5] Some uncertainty remains, with one genetic study supporting them,^[6] while another genetic study indicates that Simpsonichthys (sensu stricto), Hypsolebias and Spectrolebias are not monophyletic.^[7]

With these as separate genera, there are currently 9 recognized species in Simpsonichthys:^[1]^[2]

Simpsonichthys boitonei
Simpsonichthys cholopteryx
Simpsonichthys espinhacensis
Simpsonichthys margaritatus
Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus
Simpsonichthys parallelus
Simpsonichthys punctulatus
Simpsonichthys santanae
Simpsonichthys zonatus

The name of this genus is a compound of the name of a friend of Antenor Leitão de Carvalho's, Charles J. Simpson of San Francisco, and the Greek for fish, ichthys.^[8]

References

1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Simpsonichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
1 2 Loureiro, M.; R. De Sá; S.W. Serra; F. Alonso; L.E.K. Lanés; M.V. Volcan; P. Calviño; D. Nielsen; A. Duarte; G. Garcia (2018). "Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998". Neotropical Ichthyology. 16 (3) e180007. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20180007. hdl:20.500.12008/26301.
↑ Berois, N.; G. García; R.O. de Sá, eds. (2015). Annual Fishes: Life History Strategy, Diversity, and Evolution. CRC Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4822-9971-7.
↑ Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen; Tiago C. Pessali & Guilherme Dutra (2017). "A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil". Zootaxa. 4263 (1): 165–172. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4263.1.8. PMID 28609886. Abstract
↑ Costa, W.J.E.M. (2010). "Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal–vicariance analysis". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (10): 1995–2004. Bibcode:2010JBiog..37.1995C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02339.x. S2CID 86190659.
↑ Costa, W.J.E.M.; P.F. Amorim; J.L.O. Mattos; A.L. Alves (2017). "Molecular phylogeny and timing of diversification in South American Cynolebiini seasonal killifishes". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 116: 61–68. Bibcode:2017MolPE.116...61C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.020. PMID 28754241.
↑ Ponzetto, J.M.; R. Britzke; D.T.B. Nielsen; P.P. Parise-Maltempi; A.L. Alves (2016). "Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (4): 394–406. doi:10.1111/zsc.12159. S2CID 86027315.
↑ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (5 September 2019). "Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Family RIVULIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 16 September 2019.

Taxon identifiers
Simpsonichthys	Wikidata: Q774536 Wikispecies: Simpsonichthys BOLD: 174513 CoL: 7H52 EoL: 24075 GBIF: 2349169 iNaturalist: 92062 IRMNG: 1041657 ITIS: 646879 NCBI: 135317 Open Tree of Life: 1018492 Plazi: 12BF5CAD-2BDA-579C-CE82-F47B0FBC7AD1 WoRMS: 270900 ZooBank: BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D

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