Sophie Lutterlough
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1910
- Entomologist
- Museum specialist (zoology), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
- Classifying insects
- Mite Pygmephorus lutterloughae
Sophie Lutterlough | |
|---|---|
 Sophie Lutterlough in 1983 at the Smithsonian | |
| Born | Sophie G. Mack 1910 |
| Died | February 11, 2009 (aged 98) |
| Occupations |
|
| Known for |
|
Sophie Lutterlough (1910—2009) was an American entomologist. Lutterlough began working at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) as an elevator operator in the 1940s at a time when discriminatory hiring practices prevented African-Americans from working in a curatorial or scientific capacity at the Museum.[1] In the late 1950s, after having gained extensive knowledge of the museum's exhibitions, she asked for and achieved a role in entomological work, eventually restoring hundreds of thousands of insects, classifying thousands.[1][2] She co-identified 40 type specimens,[1] specimens that stand as the representative example of the species. In 1979, a mite was named in her honor.[3]
Lutterlough was born Sophie G. Tolliver in Washington, D.C.,[1] and had three sisters and a brother.[1] She graduated near the top of her class [4] from Dunbar High School in 1928 where she took classes in biology.[1]
Career
In 1943, Lutterlough applied for a job at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH).[1] Racial barriers against African-Americans prevented her from direct employment in the museum's curatorial and science work.[1] She was employed on a trial basis as an elevator operator - the first woman in that position at the Smithsonian[5] - and held that position for 14 years, during which she studied the museum's exhibits on her lunch break and became "a one-women [sic] information bureau" to museum visitors.[1]
It was common for people without academic qualifications in science to become scientists through training and experience at the NMNH.[6] Lutterlough started on that path in 1957, when she asked an insect curator, J.F. Gates Clark, if she could work in his department, and gained a position as insect preparator.[1] This had happened in 1926 for at least one other African-American, Barry Hampton, who moved from being a mail clerk to working in the Division of Reptiles and Bachtrachians, although he was still classified as a laborer.[7]
Jeannine Smith Clark worked at the NMNH as a volunteer tour guide from the late 1960s,[8] and Margaret Collins, an African-American zoology professor at Howard University, was a research associate at the NMNH from the late 1970s. There were no other African-Americans employed as scientists there in 1985.[9] African-Americans were still greatly under-represented among entomologists in 2008, when only eight faculty members of 1,348 on U.S. websites could be identified as African-American.[10]
Lutterlough worked on identifying the NMNH's insect collection, becoming a research assistant within two years.[1] For the next 24 years, she restored and classified many arthropods in the Myriapoda group, that includes centipedes and millipedes, as well as ticks and other species.[1] The NMNH's 1963/64 annual report, for example, reported that she restored over 300,000 ticks in the preceding year.[2]
Lutterlough took college courses in science and writing, and studied German to support her development as an entomologist.[1] Among her achievements were restoring 35,000 ticks, enabling her and her supervisor, Dr. Ralph Crabill, to identify 40 type specimens (a specimen that is the reference point for others in its species).[1] She retired from NMNH after 40 years.[1]
