South Mountain Railroad (Cumberland)

The South Mountain Railroad was authorized by the South Mountain Iron Company legislation in 1864/1865,^[2] and company bonds were issued in 1869.^[8] The junction with the Cumberland Valley Railroad was laid east of Carlisle near Ashland Cemetery, Carlisle Barracks, and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School.^[9]: 2 By June 2, 1874, the railroad had 8 scheduled stops between the terminus and South Mountain Junction;^[10] and in December 1875, the railway had sidings of 2.26 mi (3.64 km); 9 passenger, 6 freight, & 3 wood/water stations; and 2 engine houses.^[11]

The South Mountain Railway and Mining Company acquired the line in 1877,^[2] considered extending the railway line west of Pine Grove in 1880,^[12] and "commenced a preliminary survey" in 1881 for a branch southward to Gettysburg.^[13] Instead on August 20, 1883; the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (with the same president, Colonel Jackson C. Fuller) commenced a junction at Hunter's Run for a line to the battlefield.^[13] As a result, the South Mountain Railroad's connection near Carlisle at the CVRR's "South Mountain Junction" (named "Carlisle Junction" in the South Mountain RR schedule)^[10] was subsequently renamed "Gettysburg Junction".^[14] The tracks to Pine Grove Park were used by the first G&H excursion train from Gettysburg on May 28, 1884;^[14] and the stop at Laurel Forge was added to the G & H's July 3, 1884, schedule.^[15]

By May 1891, the competing Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Pittsburg Railroad extended to Harrisburg from the crossing with the South Mountain RR "about six miles south of Carlisle" north of Mount Holly Springs^[4] (named "Carlisle Junction" on both lines' 1904 schedules).^[16] The South Mountain Railway and Mining Company's northern section and the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad southward line merged on July 20, 1891, to become the railway line of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway,^[2] and the southwest South Mountain RR section from Hunter's Run was leased by the Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad.^[17] The lease was terminated on November 11, 1910 and the Reading Company took up operation of the line from Hunters Run to Pine Grove Furnace.^[18]

The tracks between Mount Holly Springs toward Carlisle were removed c. 1955,^[19] and the tracks near Carlisle branching southward from Gettysburg Junction were abandoned c. 1972.^[9]: 4 The line's depot and freight station at Gettysburg Junction were subsequently used by the Estep Electric Services Co.^[9]: 4 The remaining tracks from Hunter's Run to the Mount Holly Springs area are part of the Gettysburg & Northern Railroad.^[20]

External images
1968 map depicting 1870 "SO MTN" RR[21]
1872 Carlisle-Bonny Brook map (4 spurs, 1 siding)
1907 Henry Clay Station map (p. 26)
1872 Laurel Forge map (depot & 2 spurs)