Spanish Harlem (song)

"Spanish Harlem" was written by Jerry Leiber and Phil Spector, drawing inspiration from Maurice Ravel's Rapsodie espagnole and Claude Debussy's Ibéria.^[3] Leiber later reflected, "I think that he learned a lot by just writing that song with me. By the choices that I made and what I told him to do, shade this and shade that, make this shorter and make that a shade longer, whatever."^[3] The main riff was conceived by Spector and his then-girlfriend Beverly Ross; she was reportedly shocked to discover the riff a few months later in the version sung by Ben E. King.^[4][5]

The arrangement was credited to Stan Applebaum, featuring Spanish guitar, marimba, drum beats, soprano saxophone, strings and a male chorus.^{[citation needed]} King recorded the track during the same October 1960 session that yielded "Stand by Me".^[3] The composition incorporated a marimba motif of descending triplets, later added by Mike Stoller,^[3] which became central to the recording.^[6] Leiber credited Stoller with the arrangement in a 1968 interview;^[7] similarly, Leiber said in a 2009 radio interview with Leiber and Stoller on the Bob Edwards Weekend talk show that Stoller had written the key instrumental introduction to the record, although he was not credited. Stoller remarks in the team's autobiography Hound Dog that he had created this "fill" while doing a piano accompaniment when the song was presented to Ahmet Ertegun and Jerry Wexler at Atlantic Records, with Spector playing guitar and Leiber doing the vocal. "Since then, I've never heard the song played without that musical figure."^[7]

Initially released as a B-side to Spector's co-written "First Taste of Love", "Spanish Harlem" gained traction after radio stations favored it, reaching number 10 on the charts in early 1961.^[3] It became King's first hit away from the Drifters, a group he had led for several years. The track climbed the Billboard charts, peaking at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 15 on the rhythm and blues chart.^[8] Though it was not a hit in the United Kingdom upon its initial release,^[9] it was re-released in 1987, after the re-release of "Stand By Me" became a number 1 hit on the UK singles chart.^[9]

In 1961, French singer Dalida performed a version in the Italian language, with lyrics by Carlo Da Vinci, on her album Loin de moi.^[10]

Cliff Richard released his rendition on his 1962 album 32 Minutes and 17 Seconds. He also recorded a German version, titled "Das ist die Frage aller Fragen", with lyrics by Carl Ulrich Blecher, that was a number one hit in Germany and Austria in 1964,^[11][12] as well as a number one hit in Switzerland in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Charts

More information Chart (1962–64), Peak position ...

Chart (1962–64)	Peak position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[13]	1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[14]	28
West Germany (GfK)[15]	1

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In July 1971, Aretha Franklin released a cover version of the song for her 1971 compilation Aretha's Greatest Hits that outperformed the original on the charts and in which Franklin changed the lyrics slightly: from "A red rose up in Spanish Harlem" to "There's a rose in Black 'n' Spanish Harlem. A rose in Black and Spanish Harlem.” Her version went to number one on the US soul charts for three weeks and number two on the Hot 100 for two weeks,^[16] barred from the top spot by "Go Away Little Girl" by Donny Osmond.^[17] This version also hit number six on Billboard's Easy Listening chart.^[18] Aretha Franklin's version earned a gold single for sales of over one million. Dr. John played keyboards on Franklin's version with Bernard "Pretty" Purdie on drums and Chuck Rainey on bass.^[19]

Charts

More information Chart (1971), Peak position ...

Chart (1971)	Peak position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[20]	4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[21]	25
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[22]	5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[23]	1
UK Singles (Official Charts)[24]	14
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[25]	6
US Best Selling Soul Singles (Billboard)[26]	1
US Billboard Hot 100[27]	2
West Germany (GfK)[28]	6

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On her 1971 covers album Gonna Take a Miracle, singer-songwriter Laura Nyro performed a version with backing vocals by the group Labelle.^[29]

• Volume 2 - Herb Alpert's Tijuana Brass (1963)^[30]
• If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears - The Mamas & the Papas (1966)
• Bowling for Soup Goes to the Movies - Bowling for Soup (2005)