Sphingomonadaceae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sphingomonadaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A culture of Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Sphingomonadales |
| Family: | Sphingomonadaceae Kosako et al. 2000 |
| Type genus | |
| Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990 | |
| Genera[1] | |
| |
Sphingomonadaceae are a gram-negative bacterial family of the Alphaproteobacteria. An important feature is the presence of sphingolipids (mainly 2′-hydroxymyristoyl dihydrosphingosine 1-glucuronic acid, "SGL-1") in the outer membrane of the cell wall.[2][3] The cells are ovoid or rod-shaped. Others are also pleomorphic, i.e. the cells change the shape over time. Some species from Sphingomonadaceae family are dominant components of biofilms.[4][5][6]
While most species within Sphingomonadaceae family are heterotrophic,[7] some are phototrophic.
Function
Some species of Sphingomonadaceae are known to degrade some aromatic compounds. This makes the bacteria of interest to environmental remediation.[8]
The diverse metabolic capacity of genera within the Sphingomonadaceae family, such as Sphingobium, Novosphingobium,[a] and Sphingopyxis enable these genera to adapt to and be abundant in the presence of bisphenol A. A microbial community with abundant Sphingomonadaceae members can degrade bisphenol A with a constant rate.[9]
Some Sphingomonas species are able to produce sphingans, a kind of exopolysaccharides with certain viscosity. This property of sphingans makes it useful in many industries including food and pharmaceutical.[10][7]
Distribution
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature[1] and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.[14][b]
Interaction with human and plants
Some members of the Sphingomonadaceae commonly exist in human-impacted environments, including drinking water systems,[15][5] hospital and household tap water,[16] and medical devices.[17][18][19]
Most of the species of the Sphingomonadaceae are not known to be harmful to humans or plants.[7] Some species can protect plants from disease-causing pathogens such as Thielaviopsis basicola, and Rhizoctonia solani.[7][12][11][20]
The Sphingomonas and Sphingobium genera tend to have higher antibiotic resistance compared with three other genera within the Sphingomonadaceae: Novosphingobium,[a] Sphingopyxis, and Blastomonas.[5]