Spiritualism (philosophy)
Philosophical belief in immaterial reality
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In philosophy, spiritualism[a] is the concept, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.[3] This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.[3]
Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.[3][4] Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.[4]
As a philosophical tradition, spiritualism was especially associated with 19th- and early 20th-century French thought.[5]
Notable spiritualist thinkers
- Aristotle[3]
- Henri Bergson[3]
- Maine de Biran[6]
- Émile Boutroux[1]
- F. H. Bradley[3]
- Léon Brunschvicg[7]
- Victor Cousin[8]
- René Descartes[3]
- Alfred Fouillée[9]
- Giovanni Gentile[3]
- William Ernest Hocking[3]
- Paul Janet[10]
- Jules Lachelier[1][11]
- Louis Lavelle[3]
- René Le Senne[3]
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz[3]
- Pindar[3]
- Plato[3]
- Josiah Royce[3]
See also
Notes
- Also neo-spiritualism,[1] spiritual realism[1] or French idealism[2] in the context of late modern French philosophy.
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