Spirobranchus corniculatus
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| Spirobranchus corniculatus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Surat Thani, Thailand, 2023 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
| Clade: | Sedentaria |
| Order: | Sabellida |
| Family: | Serpulidae |
| Genus: | Spirobranchus |
| Species: | S. corniculatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Spirobranchus corniculatus (Grube, 1862) | |
Spirobranchus corniculatus, commonly referred to as the Indo-Pacific Christmas tree worm, is a species of tube-building annelid fanworms in the family Serpulidae.[1][2] Belonging to the class Polychaeta, it is recognized for its bristle-like tentacles and the presence of a structure called radioles. It is widely encountered and recognized for its unique resemblance to a conifer and its diverse array of colors.[3] Initially presumed to be part of a species group including Spirobranchus cruciger and Spirobranchus gaymardi, it has been determined to be a singular, morphologically adaptable species inhabiting the Central Indo-Pacific region.[4]
The Christmas tree worm is very vibrant in color and changes its color based on depth, camouflage, and a scare tactic.[5] It has bright spiral rings around its body segments or radioles, which can number more than 200 segments.[6] The body is abnormally large, ranging up to 45 mm (1.8 in) long and 0.5 mm (0.020 in) wide.[6]
Biology
The species predominantly engages in reproduction throughout its lifespan. Males use their coloration to attract females.[5] During mating, females emit a pheromone that signals males to release sperm. In turn, females release eggs; this action is called spawning.[7] Larvae are characterized by an elongated body.[8] The species also uses its color to make predators second guess their meal. The species primarily consumes suspended food particles, phytoplankton, and microalgae.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Spirobranchus corniculatus can be found in the tropical Indo-Pacific, specifically in corals such as Porites lobata, which are typically found in Hawaiian waters.[6] The Christmas tree worm inhabits depths of 3–30 m (9.8–98.4 ft)[8] and can also be found living on almost every species of coral.[5] It is mostly encountered in the eastern side of the globe, spanning Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean, the central Pacific, and the northern region of Australia.[5]
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