Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Species of bacterium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.[3]
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus | |
|---|---|
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| Streptomyces hygroscopicus colonies | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Bacillati |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetes |
| Order: | Streptomycetales |
| Family: | Streptomycetaceae |
| Genus: | Streptomyces |
| Species: | S. hygroscopicus |
| Binomial name | |
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Jensen, 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956 [1] | |
| Subspecies | |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Biochemistry
Cultures of different strains of S. hygroscopicus can be used to produce several chemical compounds or enzymes.
Small molecules
Immunosuppressants
Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an antifungal and immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island.[4] Ascomycin is another immunosuppressant produced by some strains of S. hygroscopicus; it has a similar structure to sirolimus and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant.
Antibiotics
The antibiotics geldanamycin, hygromycin B, nigericin, validamycin, clethramycin[5], and cyclothiazomycin are found in S. hygroscopicus. Clethramycin shows antifungal activity against the fungi Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus.The biosynthesis of clethramycin gene cluster was identified in Streptomyces mediocidicus strain ATCC23936.[5][6][7]
Experimental cancer drugs
Indolocarbazoles can be found in S. hygroscopicus .
Anthelmintics and insecticides
Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures.
Herbicide
S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos.[8]
Enzymes
The enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming), carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase, and hygromycin-B kinase can be isolated from cultures of S. hygroscopicus.
