Stromateoidei - Wikiwand

Suborder of fishes

Stromateoidei Temporal range: Middle Paleocene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Rudderfish Centrolophus niger
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scombriformes
Suborder:	Stromateoidei
Families
Amarsipidae Ariommatidae Centrolophidae (medusafishes) Nomeidae (driftfishes) Tetragonuridae (squaretails) Stromateidae (butterfishes) †Propercarinidae

Stromateoidei or Stromateales is a suborder or infraorder of marine ray-finned fish within the order Scombriformes or suborder Scombroidei. It includes the medusafishes, squaretails and driftfishes which associate with jellyfish, the latter families preying on them while the medusafish use them for protection while scavenging food scraps.^[1] It also contains the true butterfish, a common food fish.

Fossil taxa

In earlier classifications, it has sometimes been treated as its own order, Stromateiformes, and some studies still treat it as such. However, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes considers it one of two major suborders or infraorders of Scombriformes or Scombroidei.^[2]

The following classification is used by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025):^[2]

Suborder Stromateoidei
- Family Amarsipidae Haedrich, 1969 (bagless glassfishes or amarsipas)
- Family Centrolophidae Bonaparte, 1846 (medusafishes)
- Family Nomeidae Günther, 1860 (driftfishes)
- Family Tetragonuridae Risso, 1827 (squaretails)
- Family Ariommatidae Haedrich, 1967 (ariommas or ariommatids)
- Family Stromateidae Rafinesque, 1810 (butterfishes)

Some authors consider this treatment paraphyletic with respect to Scombroidei.^[3]

The following fossil taxa are also known:

Suborder Stromateoidei
- Family †Propercarinidae Bannikov, 1995 (containing only Propercarina from the Oligocene of Europe)^[4]^[5]
- Genus †Butyrumichthys Schrøder, Rasmussen, Møller & Carnevale, 2022 (tentatively treated as a medusafish)^[6]
- Genus †Cubariomma Bannikov, 2018 (shows traits of both ariommatids and nomeids)

The enigmatic percomorph †Salwaichthys Bannikov, 2020 from the Oligocene of Europe also resembles the stromateoids in certain aspects, but remains taxonomically indeterminate.^[7]

The earliest fossil remains of stromateoids are otoliths tentatively referred to the Centrolophidae, species "Mupus" sinuosus from the middle Paleocene of Denmark.^[8] The oldest known stromateoid body fossil is Butyrumichthys from the earliest Eocene of Denmark.^[6]

References

↑ Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
1 2 Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
↑ Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X.
↑ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (1995-01-01). "Morphology and phylogeny offossil stromateoid fishes (Perciformes)". Geobios. Premiers Vertandébrandés et Vertandébrandés Infandérieurs. 28: 177–181. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80109-X. ISSN 0016-6995.
↑ Přikryl, Tomáš; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Grădianu, Ionuţ; Kania, Iwona; Krzemiński, Wiesław (2014-11-01). "Revision of the family Propercarinidae (Perciformes, Stromateoidei) with description of a new species from the Oligocene of the Carpathians". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13 (8): 691–700. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.07.001. ISSN 1631-0683.
1 2 Schrøder, Ane Elise; Rasmussen, Jan Audun; Møller, Peter Rask; Carnevale, Giorgio (2022-09-30). "Butyrumichthys henricii gen. et sp. nov.: a new stromateiform fish from the lower Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2171798. ISSN 0272-4634.
↑ Bannikov, A. F. (2020-07-01). "A New Family Salwaichthyidae (Pisces, Perciformes s.l.) from the Lower Oligocene of the Caucasus and Carpathians". Paleontological Journal. 54 (4): 392–400. doi:10.1134/S0031030120040048. ISSN 1555-6174.
↑ Schwarzhans, Werner (2003-09-08). "Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark". GEUS Bulletin. 2. ISSN 2597-2154. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15.

Taxon identifiers
Stromateoidei	Wikidata: Q1077049 Wikispecies: Stromateoidei ADW: Stromateoidei AFD: Stromateoidei ITIS: 172507 NCBI: 94242 Open Tree of Life: 37460 Paleobiology Database: 302116 WoRMS: 151749

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