Substitutional fuel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Substitutional fuels are fuels that can replace, either partially or completely, conventional fuels. It includes biodiesel, biogas, alcohol, myco-diesel, algal fuel, and metal fuel. They have applications to replace conventional fuels in functions such as transportation, although they still compose a small proportion of global fuel sources. Lots of substitutional fuel use is the result of government-enforced mandates, exemptions, or subsidies.[1]
Negative
Conventional fuels include fossil fuels such as coal, oil (including fuel oil, diesel fuel, and gasoline), and natural gas.[2][circular reference] Fossil fuels have many negative externalities, most notably air pollution and contributing to climate change. Both the extraction and combustion of conventional fuels have negative externalities.
- global warming due to the release of greenhouse gases
- ecosystem loss and degradation
- health problems such as respiratory issues, cancer, reduced life expectancy, and congestive heart failure due to the release of particulates
- degradation and soiling of buildings due to the release of particulates
- reduced crop yields due to the release of particulates
- oil spills
- environmental damage
- cleanup costs (private or government)
- damage to company reputation (for example, the 2010 BP oil spill)
- volatile market prices negatively impact economy[5]
- mining accidents during coal extraction
Positive
Source:[6]
- increased employment & business activity
- increased productivity in many industries
- means of globalization (increased trade between countries)
Externalities of Substitutional Fuels
Source:[1]
Negative
- air pollution (but less so than conventional fuels)
- may require more energy to produce than conventional fuels
- may be more costly than conventional fuels
Positive
Source:[5]
- more stable energy supply
- less volatile fuel prices
- less ecosystem damage
- fewer health problems due to air pollution