Sultan Pasha al-Atrash Battalion

The founder and first commander of the group was First Lieutenant Khaldoun Sami Zinedine, a defector from the Syrian Armed Forces. Zinedine defected near Damascus, moved to the Daraa Governorate,^[1] and joined the Free Officers Brigade in October 2011.^[5] In December 2011, he announced the formation of the Sultan Pasha al-Atrash Battalion.^[6] The group stated that its goal was to protect demonstrators in and around Suwayda.^[7] In July 2012, the group blew up a Syrian Air Force ammunition depot in the Thula Military Airbase near Suwayda.^[6]

In January 2013, the Sultan Pasha al-Atrash Battalion launched an offensive against Syrian government forces in Dahr al-Jabal, near Suwayda. On 23 January, 1st Lt. Khaldoun Zinedine was killed in action during the offensive, which was repelled by government forces and a number of his fighters were "wiped out".^[8] After his death, Khaldoun was succeeded by his brother, 1st Lt. Fadlallah Zinedine, as the commander of the group.^[1]

Tensions between the group and Sunni Islamist groups cumulated through 2013. The group initially cooperated with the Dawn of Islam Brigade in Daraa.^[9] In October 2013, 2 fighters from the Sultan Pasha al-Atrash Battalion were captured by the "Sharia Commission in Daraa" and sentenced to death.^[4] Some time in late 2013, 1st Lt. Fadlallah Zinedine was captured and detained for several hours by al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front in Daraa.^[2]

In January 2014, the Sultan Pasha al-Atrash Battalion announced that it would suspend all of its operations in Syria and leave for Jordan. It cited the lack of support for the Suwayda Military Council and other Druze rebel groups from the Supreme Military Council, the "conspiracy of radical Islamists" and "hostilities" toward the people of Suwayda in general.^[2]

• Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War
• National Unity Brigades
• Golan Regiment
• Jaysh al-Muwahhideen