TEA1002
PAL video encoder chip produced by Mullard in 1982
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The TEA1002 is a PAL video encoder chip[1] produced by Mullard in 1982 and used on the Mattel Aquarius computer, the AlphaTantel Prestel adapter and the Microvector 256 color graphics display interface for Nascom and Gemini computers.[2][3][4][5][6] It was also used on teletext decoders and color bar generators associated with video test equipment.[7][8]
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It generates 16 colors based on Luminance, Chrominance and Saturation, usually with the 8 basic colors being similar to the EBU 75% color bars.[9]
Levels
According to the TEA1002 datasheet,[1][9] colors are formed by the combination of three signals, roughly equivalent to the HSL colorspace:
- Luminance
- Chroma phase (º, equivalent to hue angle)
- Chroma amplitude (%, equivalent to saturation)
Internally colors are stored in a 4-bit RGBI arrangement. There are three bits for the RGB components (generating 8 primary colors at full saturation but 75% luminance - similar to the EBU colour bars) and an inverter logic input bit that controls a variation of the base color (a 75% Luminance decrease for white; a 50% Chroma saturation decrease for all colors).
The following table lists the internal signals and shows an approximation of the generated colors, as seen on a web standard sRGB monitor. Colors could be different when seen on an analog PAL CRT television.
| Color | R | G | B | INV | Luminance (%) | Chroma (º) | Chroma (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - |
| Red | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.5 | 103 | ±48 |
| Green | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 44.0 | 241 | ±44 |
| Yellow | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 66.5 | 167 | ±33 |
| Blue | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8.5 | 347 | ±33 |
| Magenta | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31.0 | 61 | ±44 |
| Cyan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 52.5 | 283 | ±48 |
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100.0 | - | - |
| Grey | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 75.0 | - | - |
| Cyan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 52.5 | 283 | ±24 |
| Magenta | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 31.0 | 61 | ±22 |
| Blue | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.5 | 347 | ±17 |
| Yellow | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 66.5 | 167 | ±17 |
| Green | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 44.0 | 241 | ±22 |
| Red | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 22.5 | 103 | ±24 |
| Black | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | - | - |
An alternate configuration of the chip allows it to output 95% luminance color bars - similar to BBC colour bars, more suited for usage in teletext decoders.[1]
| Color | R | G | B | INV | Luminance (%) | Chroma (º) | Chroma (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | - | - |
| Red | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47.5 | 103 | ±48 |
| Green | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 241 | ±44 |
| Yellow | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 91.5 | 167 | ±33 |
| Blue | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 33.5 | 347 | ±33 |
| Magenta | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 61 | ±44 |
| Cyan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 77.5 | 283 | ±48 |
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100.0 | - | - |
| Grey | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 | - | - |
| Cyan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 77.5 | 283 | ±24 |
| Magenta | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 61 | ±22 |
| Blue | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33.5 | 347 | ±17 |
| Yellow | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 91.5 | 167 | ±17 |
| Green | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 241 | ±22 |
| Red | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47.5 | 103 | ±24 |
| Black | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | - | - |