TMEM176B
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Transmembrane Protein 176B, or TMEM176B is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM176B gene. It is thought to play a role in the process of maturation of dendritic cells.[5]
Location
TMEM176B is also known as LR8, and MS4B2.[6] The gene is found on the minus end of Chromosome 7, on the long arm at position 7q36.1.[7] The starting position of the gene is at 150,791,287 and goes to 150,801,360. It has 10,074 base pairs and has a total of 11 exons.[8]
Gene
TMEM176A and LOC105375566 is a neighbor of TMEM176B.[9][10]
Expression
The gene is found to be most expressed in the liver with the kidney being the second most expressed tissue.[6]
Transcript variants
There are 3 isoforms (A, B, C) of this gene with variants of isoform A and C. Isoform A variant 1 has 1444 nucleotides that encode 270 amino acids. There are 17 alternatively spliced variants with 1 unspliced transcript variant.[11]
Homology
Paralogs
There is one paralog of TMEM176B which is TMEM176A.[12]
Orthologs
Below is a table of orthologs of TMEM176B, these include close and somewhat distant orthologs.
| Common name | Accession number | Sequence length | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | NP_054739.3 | 270 | 100 | 100 |
| Bonobo | XP_008966185.1 | 286 | 99 | 98 |
| Ugandan red colobus | XP_023081229.1 | 268 | 91 | 92 |
| Small-eared galago | XP_003792108.1 | 268 | 68 | 77 |
| Sunda flying lemur | XP_008564209.1 | 271 | 71 | 80 |
| House mouse | NP_001273581.1 | 263 | 53 | 66 |
| Ryukyu mouse | XP_021020106.1 | 265 | 53 | 67 |
| Przewalski's horse | XP_008506799.1 | 270 | 70 | 80 |
| Cheetah | XP_026907001.1 | 271 | 68 | 77 |
| Water buffalo | XP_006049155.1 | 265 | 66 | 76 |
| Wild yak | XP_005908946.1 | 265 | 65 | 75 |
| Sperm whale | XP_028345261.1 | 266 | 65 | 73 |
| Killer whale | XP_012392713.1 | 265 | 64 | 73 |
| Pacific walrus | XP_004408899.1 | 271 | 64 | 75 |
| Giant panda | XP_019651134.1 | 271 | 68 | 79 |
| Red fox | XP_025849593.1 | 273 | 63 | 73 |
| West Indian manatee | XP_004372786.1 | 271 | 66 | 76 |
| Koala | XP_020833594.1 | 268 | 46 | 62 |
| Asian arowana | XP_018595194.1 | 252 | 38 | 47 |
| Northern pike | XP_010904195.4 | 251 | 26 | 46 |
There are around 125 orthologs of the gene ranging from primates to mice and to certain species of fish.[13]
Homologs
The homologs of this gene include chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, and rat.[14]
Protein
The molecular weight of TMEM176B is 29.1 kilodaltons (kDa). The protein is rich in valine and poor in aspartic acid.[15] There are 4 transmembrane regions within TMEM176B isoform a.[16] There is a CD20 domain from 198 to 687.[17]
Domains
The CD20-like family includes the CD20 gene but is part of the family pfam04103 which is part of superfamily cl04401. This specific domain region is 489 bp.[18]
Secondary structure
TMEM176B is composed of alpha helices, beta strands and TM helices. The Alpha helices make up most of the secondary structure followed by TM helices.[19]
Subcellular localization
Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus but is additionally localized to the plasma membrane and nucleoplasm.[20]
Protein-protein interactions
The protein interacts most commonly with TMEM176A. It also interacts with TMEM47 and CPXM1 (carboxypeptidase 1) but at lower levels.[21]
