TMEM44 (Transmembrane protein 44) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene.[5] DKFZp686O18124 is a synonym of TMEM44.
Regulation
TMEM44 gene has 14 transcripts (splice variants). The whole span of the gene is 46,016 base pairs long, while the mRNA sequence of TMEM44 is 1,483 base pairs long, with 13 exons. Exon 1 and 2 partial are part of 5'-UTR, and the partial exon 2 is only highly conserved in primates.[6]
There are 5 experimentally verified promoters, and 4 predicted ones. Promoter GXP_232172, which is promoter set 5 is the longest with 1,276 base pairs and a total of 11 coding transcripts.[7]
TMEM44 gene is located near the end of the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q29) in humans (Homo sapiens).[9]
TMEM44 gene on human chromosome 3
Protein
TMEM44 is 428 amino acids in length. The molecular weight of the protein is 47.1kDa, and its formula is C2086H3315N585O611S22, with a total of 6,619 atoms.[10] The theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of TMEM44 is 8.12.[11] The instability index (II) of TMEM44 is 47.96, which classifies the protein as unstable. There are 12 isoforms of TMEM44, with isoform c being the longest.[9] The function of TMEM44 is currently unknown.
Subcellular Localization
The C-terminus of TMEM44 is found in the cytoplasm, and the protein is predicted to be integrated within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.[12]
Secondary Structure
TMEM44 has 41.12% of alpha helix, 15.65% of extended strand and 43.22% of random coil.[13]
3D of partial TMEM44 protein from sequence 119 to 267 (identity 13%)
Transmembrane Region Allocation
There are seven predicted transmembrane domains in TMEM44 protein.
Phobius posterior probabilities of human TMEM44 protein
Interacting Proteins
GSK3B (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta), KAT6B (Histone acetyltransferase KAT6B/Histone acetyltransferase MYST4), TMEM31 (Transmembrane protein 31), SPAG9 (sperm associated antigen 9) and TNKS (tankyrase-1) are predicted to interact with TMEM44.[14][15][16]
Orthologs with the TMEM44 protein include amphibians, birds, fish, and mammals. The closest ortholog from human with TMEM44 is common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) with 98% identity, and the most distantly related ortholog is common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with 27% identity.[20]
