Talk:Filipino shamans
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Transgender Terminology
The introductory section needs clarification. The accepted terminology in the trans community is "trans woman", for a person whose gender identity is female, and "trans man", for a person whose gender identity is male. Use of the phrase "male transgenders" is not only misleading or confusing, it is considered demeaning by trans people. Given what is known about the history of gender identity worldwide, it would seem likely that the article intends to say that trans women were known to serve as baybaylan to their communities. Gcvrsa
- Earlier revisions of the article only stated that babaylan can be male or female and never mentioned anything about "male transgenders," so I removed the phrase entirely until someone can provide a source for what a "male transgender" is. Laurel Wreath of Victors ‖ Speak 💬 ‖ 19:15, 14 August 2017 (UTC)
Feminized Men
In reference to the edit on babaylan that states,
- @Obsidian Soul: "It is the most neutral and the clearest description in English, since it is the common overlap between the wide range of gender identities defined by "bakla". You can not use modern terminology like "homosexual" or "transwomen" either."
Can we discuss or clarify terminology used to describe the gender identity of babaylan who were not women? "Feminized men" is not the clearest description of the wide range of gender identities defined by the term bakla, as feminized men could be perceived as a derogatory way of describing a person who identifies as bakla. Bakla has gender variance that includes feminized men, transgender women, and an entirely separate third gender.
Spookyfruit (talk) 17:24, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
- @Spookyfruit: I do not see how it could be perceived as "derogatory". These are not modern gender identities and should not be conflated with them. The asog were still understood to be biologically male, though feminized to varying degrees. It is something even modern bakla still acknowledge today, none of whom would be offended at being called "men". Bakla, in its original sense among shamans, is a "combined" gender. Neither men nor women, but both. A hermaphroditic third gender which allowed someone male to assume feminine roles.
Need Help with Talim
Uh Hey guys, anyone here know more about the indigenous tribes of Ancient pre-Philippine culture? please help construct Talim's. Talim is a Filipina fighting character in Soul Calibur and I think she's the very first Filipina in any game. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Blueknightex (talk • contribs)
- Talim is Filipino for "sharp" or "sharpness". Is the character a babaylan? — •KvЯt GviЯnЭlБ• Speak! 01:32, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
additional information about babaylans from the mandaya tribe in the southern part of mindanao
in the mandaya tribe we call our babaylans as balyan. Yes they are considered as witch doctors of the tribe and are said to heal the sick with the help of their companion spirits called the ABYAN. ABYANS could be any spirit from the other world(elemental or nature spirits). these spirits are believe to have chosen a human being to become their ambassador to our world.
It is said that when a spirit chooses a person, the entity will appear to that person through dreams or through a tangible form. it could be a large black dog or in its human-like form. when the person is being chosen, the spirit will then decide what to ask for that person in return for being chosen. it could be something dear to the person or it could be something else. but there are also instances that the spirits don't ask for anything in return.
now if the person is asked to become an balyan and he/refuses, bad omens will strike upon him or her or on his loved ones. they may feel sick for several days without any probable cause and cannot be treated by any medicine except if being consulted to an older balyan too.
the main purpose of the balyan is become a bridge to both worlds the world of the spirits and the world of the living. If given a chance a normal person who accidentally troubled the resting place or the bathing place of the enchanted beings. the balyan will serve to be the advocate of the person to ask apology to the enchanted beings of the forests to alleviate the punishment or curse put upon the person. it is done through a series of dance rituals performed around the offender. the balyan as she dances, also sings a PANAWAG-TAWAG or a calling with the use of the FORBIDDEN word to gather the spirits and talk to them. The forbidden word is believed to be only uttered by the balyan alone because it is the name of his ABYAN. when uttered by other persons, the ABYAN is believed to become upset and will punish the unworthy person who uttered his name. when the spirits are present, the balyan then sings an apology songs, and offers food that are prepared without salt. different balyans have different styles of rituals. there are those that chew MAMA-ON, a locale gum made by elders from ashes of shells and a leaf from a wild plant. in which, if chewed will give a red color dye like extract that will give the tongue a crimson red appearance. Some balyans tear a white chickens leg and splashes the blood around the offender; in order to apeace the enchanted beings. there are seven forbidden words that must never be uttered; only the Balyans know what those are. Eros pierced (talk) 00:08, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
Proposed Changes
Hello, my name is Austin and I am editing this article for a college project. I would like to make a few edits to the page. First, I would like to add a table of contents. Second, I would like to provide more sources and verify citations. In addition, I would like to start a subtopic on gender neutrality and how babaylans affect Philippine society. I would love some feedback.
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Introduction: some statements and the relevance of given sources
Under the Spanish Empire, babaylan were often maligned and falsely accused as witches and "priests of the devil" and were persecuted harshly by the Spanish clergy. In modern Philippine society, their roles have largely been taken over by folk healers, which are now predominantly male, while some are still being falsely accused as "witches".
There are four sources attributed to this. One is this and it appears to be a collection of primary sources, or first-hand account witnesses of the events during the Spanish era. The aforementioned source doesn't contain keywords such as "falsely" (contained in the above quote), "accused", "persecuted", "modern" and "folk", so that source can't be used as support to the quote above. As Wikipedia guidelines say, primary sources should be used very carefully and it is better to use primary sources to prove that a certain quote actually appears there. I have decided to remove it until someone else can restore this by providing full citations to facilitate the verification process. In this way, sources will be used to support the actual statement it is supposed to support, with full quotes that will testify that the Wiki editor actually read the source.
Another one is this, and it is the 1903 census. This source is better, however I read the referenced page (328) and this is the relevant passage:
The priests, called katalonan in Tagalog and baibailonan in the Visayan dialect, were the principal actors at these religious ceremonies: they executed war dances armed with a lance with which they first stabbed a swine as a sacrifice, and would probably spear other animals as well, and even the slaves themselves. The Spanish missionaries looked on these ceremonies with horror; they believed they were inspired by some spirit from the infernal regions; they were described as bacchanal feasts, but as missionaries were filled with repugnance at what they had seen, the descriptions left by them were no doubt exaggerated
The said page didn't contain keywords such as "falsely", "accused", "persecuted", "harshly", "modern" and "folk". These keywords appear in other pages of the source, but they never become relevant to the topic of babaylan. The cited page apparently didn't even mention the fate of these "priests" in modern Philippine society.
Based on the explanation provided above, I am eliminating these sources. May the Wiki editor who restores them provide full citations and put them next to the relevant statement that requires references. P.S.: I am tagging here Obsidian Soul, this might interest you. Stricnina (talk) 07:57, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Keywords are irrelevant. We are not copying the sources, we are summarizing what they say. As in the entire thing referenced, not a few sentences and most certainly not "keywords". Furthermore, it's weird to me how you are challenging the sourcing of the WP:LEAD, where sourcing is optional because it is quite literally a summary of the article (hence sentences in the lead are extremely generalized and can summarize multiple sources, see MOS:CITELEAD). The details of the persecution and the transition to male folk healers is discussed in-depth in the body of the article, with more specific references. Read those.
- As for primary sources, WP:PRIMARYCARE explicitly says primary sources are perfectly fine to make straightforward descriptive statements. The "primary sources" you are objecting to from Blair's book are translated contemporary historical accounts of the Spanish during the colonial era. See WP:USEPRIMARY. And I am using them with care by not stating the authors' biases as fact, for example that the babaylan are literally "ministers of Satan" who did "execrable blasphemies".
- So unless you're saying the statements are false because they were "accurately identified" (not falsely accused) as being "real" witches, who were "beloved" (not harshly persecuted) by the Spanish, and that modern albularyo are "real" doctors not folk healers, your removal of sources is unconstructive and unwarranted. Challenge the content, not the wording.
- I'm also wondering why this seems to be different from your similarly mistaken earlier removal. On top of that you add a [citations needed] tag for the entire article for your removal of two sources... in a statement where two also remained to verify it... in an article with 70+ sources. All of these seems WP:POINTY. I was expecting you to justify why your earlier edit was warranted, not make a fresh round of deletions and do a WP:DRIVEBY. Please don't make this personal. Just because I reverted you doesn't mean we're enemies.-- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 10:32, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Dear Obsidian Soul, keywords matter. You can't say the statements above if the sources do not even support them. Also note that I have not removed the aforementioned statement itself, only the two of the four sources because their interpretation appears to be a result of original research. Statements like the one I quoted above are interpretations of primary sources, and according to Wikipedia policy, "Any interpretation of primary source material requires a reliable secondary source for that interpretation. Since you deem the other two sources to be viable secondary sources, I have left them for now, while removing the primary sources that should be used only when quoting them directly. Please avoid adding primary sources unless extremely necessary and start collecting secondary sources supporting the lead statements. Stricnina (talk) 10:47, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- "Dear"? Asaran na agad? Supporting a statement doesn't mean copying words verbatim from the source. All the sources used directly support the statement that "babaylan were often maligned and falsely accused as witches and "priests of the devil" and were persecuted harshly by the Spanish clergy", just not in exactly the same words (because that would be WP:COPYVIO). Show me a policy which says keywords are required verbatim. And show me which of the "keywords" you picked out are false. Primary sources are NOT forbidden. So no. I will not remove them, until you identify precisely what is wrong with them, aside from simply that the "words are different". I didn't "interpret" the sources, I merely summarized them, the secondary sources are there for that. Also where in the world did you get the idea that primary sources should only be used when "quoting them directly"? -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 10:53, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Dear Obsidian Soul, primary sources are not forbidden. However, as Wikipedia policy states, the goal of using them is "only that the person could compare the primary source with the material in the Wikipedia article, and agree that the primary source actually, directly says just what the article says it does." I believe the policy is clear. You can quote the primary sources directly (yes, quoting primary sources verbatim is allowed under Wikipedia policy), but interpreting them and committing original search out of those primary sources are forbidden under the no original research policy of Wikipedia. Sorry, but if you are going to use those primary source, it is better to reword the statement I have quoted above. Also note that I am fully aware that you have added some secondary sources to support the statement, I am just disputing the primary sources and why I believe they are not needed there, especially when they have zero details about the extent of the persecution by Spanish friars, nor they contain info about the roles of babaylan in modern Philippine society. Stricnina (talk) 11:08, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- "directly says just what the article says it does"; "it is better to reword the statement I have quoted above"
- Article: "babaylan were often maligned and falsely accused as witches and "priests of the devil" and were persecuted harshly by the Spanish clergy."
- Sources:
- Blair, p.114: "a babaylan and priest of the devil"
- Blair, p.218: "This minister of Satan was named Tapar, and went about in the garb of a woman, on account of the office of the babaylan and priest of the demon."
- Limos: "The Spanish friars pursued the relentless destruction of all the heathens’ rituals and paraphernalia."; "Eventually, “God” won and drove the babaylans to the mountains where they were branded as witches or mangkukulams."
- 1905 census: "The Spanish missionaries looked on these ceremonies with horror; they believed they were inspired by some spirit from the infernal regions;"
- Brazal, p.130: "The other babaylans however were accused of being witches..."
- -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 11:27, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Dear Obsidian Soul, that is not WP:POINTY. The purpose is to harmonize this with the Katalonan Wiki article, which is also about the Philippine shamans. I am only adding the inline tags to make modifications later, since for example, the word babaylan is used in some sources to specify the Visayan ethnic groups' denomination of their own shamans. Other sources collectively call them as mag-anito, limiting babaylan to the Visayan shamans. Please read the Fluckiger source as one example of what I am talking about. Stricnina (talk) 11:43, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Dear Obsidian Soul, about the Blair source, I suggest you quote the source verbatim to support the statement above (which I don't even dispute). Note that I have not removed any Brazal source, nor did I remove the original statement above. I am only questioning the relevance of using primary sources when secondary sources can do just fine. If you are not using primary sources to quote what the primary sources actually say, then they are of zero use in the Wiki lead statements. And also, calm down. Stricnina (talk) 11:39, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
Dear Obsidian Soul, explain why you are systematically undoing all the inline tags (see: here and here) that I have added to stimulate improvement of the article? Are we going to engage in edit warring? Do I have to call the assistance of moderators, etc.? Stricnina (talk) 11:39, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
Discussion (usage of primary sources)
@Obsidian Soul, as for your statement about summarizing primary sources just because they are in the lead section, according to the no original research guidelines, you're not supposed to "summarize" (or "synthesize") material found in a primary source yourself. (directly from the page: "Do not analyze, evaluate, interpret, or synthesize material found in a primary source yourself; instead, refer to reliable secondary sources that do so"). "Summary" of primary sources are not allowed, support your claims using secondary sources. In fact, just use secondary sources to avoid citation overkill, abuse of primary sources, through synthesizing two of them. Remember: those two primary sources do not give overview statements about the Spanish persecution of native shamans, nor their modern status (like they are now predominantly male). Stricnina (talk) 20:46, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
Request for comment (definition of "babaylan")
In light of the presence of academic sources distinguishing the "babaylan" from the "katalonan", is this edit (with citations) valid? One of the sources mentioned in the specified edit even avoided using "babaylan" as a general term for Philippine shamans, instead opting for the word "maganito". Stricnina (talk) 13:20, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
Discussion
- Let me repeat what I said in the ANI, since you seem to be in the habit of not reading: The article is a general overview of the shamans in precolonial Philippines, not the shamans of any particular ethnic group. "Babaylan" is used as the title since it is the most widely used among most ethnic groups and the most recognizable term when referring to Philippine shamans.
- The article itself lists all the different names of shamans in various ethnic groups. Not just Visayan or Tagalog. I don't know what more I can do to make you understand that. The concepts discussed here apply to the Tagalog katalonan just as much as they apply to Visayan babaylan, Mandaya baylan, Igorot mumbaki, Talaandig walian, Manobo beylan, etc. If you wish to create articles for every single one these shamans by ethnic group so you can discuss their ethnic group-specific rituals and roles, feel free to do so. But this is NOT an article about Visayan babaylan. This is an article about Philippine shamans. ALL of them. Seems to me like you have issues with the use of the Visayan term instead of the Tagalog one. -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 13:47, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- This question is born out of sources such as these (basically one of the reliable sources of this Wiki page) which define babaylan or baylan as specifically priests of the "Visayan region of the central Philippines". Another source even tries to make the point I am trying to make across by calling the collectivity of these Philippine shamans as "maganito" instead of "babaylan". It is time to define the word babaylan using the reliable sources that are available and are in circulation. Stricnina (talk) 13:59, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Google search hits, Babaylan: 259,000; Katalonan: 48,800; Catalonan: 17,100; Maganito: 23,800. Most of the Maganito hits are for the surname. Do you have a problem with the fact that the Visayan term is the one more commonly used when referring to Philippine shamans overall? Are you saying this article should only be about Visayan babaylan? So what should we do about the shamans of ethnic groups that are not Visayan or Tagalog and are known by other names? Pretend they don't exist? Do you rewrite the entire article so it's only about Visayan shamans?
- "Maganito" is also Tagalog and is even less used than any of the names you have mentioned. I repeat, this article is an overview that simply uses the Visayan term for the title, since that is the term most used in sources. Balian and Katalonan are even mentioned in the opening sentence, to make that abundantly clear. There's a section of notes which clarifies how the terms differ per ethnic group. There's a list of terms for shamans by ethnic group in its own entire section, a list which also makes it very clear that "Babaylan" is a Visayan term and that other ethnic groups have different names. And still you want this to be just about the Visayan shamans because... why again? -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 14:05, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Many of the sources cited regarding the babaylan tend to refer to the Visayan shaman instead of the shamans from other ethnic groups. For example, in the Scott source, almost all mentions of babaylan are in the section regarding the precolonial Visayas, as you can see here. No wonder the Fluckiger dissertation distanced itself at using babaylan as the collective term. Other sources such as , and made distinction between the babaylan and katalonan. Stricnina (talk) 14:15, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Because everyone knows shamans in the entire Philippines can be divided only into two categories: babaylan and katalonan. /sarcasm I'm guessing you're Tagalog. "Many" is not "all". Plenty of the sources also use "babaylan" generically. When the sources are solely of Visayan shamans, I specify it is only for Visayans in text. When it is only for Itneg, I specify it is only for Itneg. And so on. In most of the text, I don't even use the term babaylan, I use "shaman". -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 15:46, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- First: no one is asking here for the division of Philippine native shamanhood into two categories. Second: your sources tend to be articles written by journalists, while I am trying to add academic articles or pages from books present in Google Books. Third: even if you think this article is just about the "overview" of the entirety of Philippine shamans, it is also equally true that "babaylan" is the Visayan word for their native shaman, as numerous sources above attest. So your persistent disruptive deleting of my contribution above doesn't make any sense when I am trying to add a more academic and scholarly take of this entire topic. Maybe a rewording of the heading is required here, but we need consensus-building first. Of course I can't edit it alone NOR ask other contributors to make their own contributions through tagging because you keep undoing my edits (and your general uncollaborative attitude, like you are owning this Wiki article entirely). Stricnina (talk) 16:08, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Then why are you rewording the first sentence to say that "Babaylan" are only Visayan "in contrast with the term katalonan used by the Tagalogs"? Where in your edit do you mention the Ifugao mumbaki? Or the Karay-a maaram? Or the Higaonon baylan? Or the Subanen balian? And the dozens of others. You are planning to add them too, right? Of course you weren't.
- Half of the sources used here are journal articles and books, and are indeed the most cited ones. You're not adding a "more scholarly or academic take". You're just being pedantic.
- No one is disputing the term is Visayan. What you refuse to acknowledge however is that "babaylan" is also a generic term for ALL Philippine shamans, Visayan or not. And it is in that sense that the term is being used here, that of a Philippine shaman. Thus it INCLUDES the Tagalog katalonan in that definition. This is not an article about the Visayan shaman, nor is it the Visayan version of the article on Katalonan.
- I have tried to collaborate earlier, but then you decided "collaboration" meant you do the tagging, I do the actual fixing. Even now you refuse to answer my points above, including the fact that "Mag-anito" is also Tagalog and is not used at all as a general term for shamans except by that single thesis that you are using. How do I collaborate with someone who just insists they are right and that my objections are just me being WP:OWNy? I am reverting you for real reasons. It just so happens, I strongly disagree with all of them.
- Your questions have easy answers. The first one is because the sources I have provided specifically say that babaylan is used as a Visayan term for their native shamans. You undoing it means you don't agree. The second question is just you just not getting it. Remember these plethora of sources (, , , , , .) you have provided? All of them minus one are articles written by journalists. The third is yeah, I am disputing it, or searching for a middle ground while sticking to the source. Fourth, you are absolutely not forced to do anything and no one here is giving you deadlines or anything. Collaborating can also just mean stop disruptive editing and build consensus. Stricnina (talk) 17:43, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- No. Me undoing it means it IS a Visayan term that is ALSO used as a generic term throughout the Philippines (even in Tagalog).
- Yes, a plethora of sources that are not "academic", but are still very much reliable.
- Yes let's do that. Stick to the source. Start by showing me a source that says katalonan are completely different from babaylan. Nothing shared at all. Then show me how "Maganito" is used widely to refer generically to Philippine shamans because academics have such a distaste for using Bisaya terms.
- You see, here's the thing. From my point of view, you're the one editing disruptively. You are literally changing the coverage of the topic, based purely on a belief that we should follow the dictionary definition of babaylan, not the actual general public usage of the term, independent from its Visayan origin.
- By narrowing the definition down to Visayan-only, the next step would be to delete 90% of the article which do not deal with Visayan babaylans. And I mean delete, because no one would make an article with two sentences on say, the mumbaki, would they?
- And since we've done that, let's do the same to all the language-specific terms I've mentioned before. Maginoo, Alipin, Agimat, Anito, Bahay kubo, Simbang Gabi, etc. should remove all mentions of non-Tagalogs because they are all Tagalog terms. /sarcasm -- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 18:46, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- Your third point is weird. I literally just mentioned sources and you have not bothered reading them? Tell me, which of your sources state that the babaylan is the encompassing term for all the Philippine shamans and were the "generic term throughout the Philippines (even in Tagalog)"? If we can find a middle ground this way and change my mind, then the better. Stricnina (talk) 19:09, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
- I already know the term is Visayan. How many times do I have to explain this? This article is an overview which picked the most general term used (as used most frequently by the sources and in Google search results), and that term just happens to be the Visayan term. It's coverage includes ALL Philippine shamans, not just Babaylans, or Katalonans, but ALL the shamans. I am not saying Katalonan is a type of Babaylan literally, I am saying in THIS article's coverage it is. In the same way that the Visayan tumao, the Kapampangan ginu, the Maranao pidtaylan, etc. are also covered in the maginoo article, even though the title is Tagalog. Tell me to explain it one more time.-- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 01:19, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
- I wonder if I should interpret the above comment as a confirmation that narrowing this article's scope to just Visayan shamans is really your actual goal. You seem to be resistant to my numerous explanations that this is an overview. I could title this article "Katalonan" or "Baylan" or "Maganito" and it wouldn't change the content. Except I won't do that, because WP:RECOGNIZABILITY makes it clear that "Babaylan", by far is the most recognizable, natural, and precise title. If you are challenging the title, have an RfC for changing the title. Don't continue to insist that this is about the narrowest definition of "Babaylan", because I won't remove 90% of this article to please you.-- OBSIDIAN†SOUL 03:27, 13 February 2020 (UTC)