This has been touched on in various ways in the discussion, but to bring some of it together here. I think it needs a major edit.
The article opens with "In Tibetan Buddhism and later traditions of mysticism and the paranormal, a tulpa is a materialized being or thought-form, typically in human form, that is created through spiritual practice and intense concentration."
I don't think "tulpa" has any particular relationship to Tibetan Buddhism, and happily the term doesn't even appear at present in the "nirmanakaya" article. The Tibetan word for the way the Buddha appears to ordinary beings is "sprul sku" (tulku, the same as the word for incarnate lamas, though it is not completely the same thing.) "Tulpa" is only very rarely used in relation to the nirmanakaya, and any practise in Tibet relating to tulpas - apparitions - doesn't necessarily have anything to do with Buddhism. The word "tulpa" is very likely to predate Buddhism. So the implication of this opener, that "tulpas" are an integral part of Tibetan Buddhism and that the Theosophical use is somehow the same thing, is false. Books about the New Age aren't necessarily very reliable about Tibetan Buddhism (just as early Theosophy isn't) Perhaps it would be better to leave out the reference to Tibetan Buddhism altogether, and deal with the linguistic connection in the next section.
Again: "The concept of tulpas has origins in the Buddhist nirmāṇakāya, translated in Tibetan as sprul-pa (སྤྲུལ་པ་): the earthly bodies that a buddha manifests in order to teach those who have not attained nirvana. The western understanding of tulpas was developed by twentieth-century European mystical explorers, who interpreted the idea independently of buddhahood."
As I say above, tulpas as apparitions or phantoms or something like that, probably predates Buddhism in Tibet. It isn't derived from the word for nirmanakaya - more likely that word was partly derived from it, and conceptually it is very distinct. From the Buddhist point of view, tulpas would usually be a worldly phenomena. The standard word for nirmanakaya is "sprul sku" - "transformation body". I suggest this:
"The word tulpa (sprul pa - སྤྲུལ་པ་) originates from Tibetan, where it was and is used in a number of contexts. The western understanding of tulpas was developed by twentieth-century European mystical explorers, who interpreted the idea independently of it's uses in old Tibet."
The Tibetan term doesn't need an encyclopaedia entry. It's covered in Tibetan-English dictionaries.Chandra Das has: "a phantom, a disembodied spirit, ghost from the bardo; emanation". A trulpa khyenpa is "an adept in the art of producing miraculous apparitions", but that might have nothing to do with Buddhism (I don't know what it would have to do with it, at least.) Meerta (talk) 17:03, 7 April 2025 (UTC)
- If there's no objections then, I can go ahead with the edit. Meerta (talk) 16:50, 9 April 2025 (UTC)
- @Meerta I am not knowledgeable on how Tulpa has to do with Buddhism, but I suggest you still make sure this article makes the difference clear. Maybe a hat note for disambiguation, and a link to the Buddhist concept, if appropriate? Anyway, anything that goes awry can also always be fixed. Good luck! Just big thanks in advance for not further associating this with D.I.D; I'm here solely for the purpose of keeping psychiatry out of this, and because I became curious after some reading :) BlockArranger (talk) 19:14, 9 April 2025 (UTC)
- You're welcome. I cetainly wouldn't want to do that.
- I have made the edits. finally. I did modify things slightly after the reading the Mikles-Laycock article references. The theosophist Alexandra David-Neel does seem to have distinguished between 'tulku' and 'tulpa', but she and Evens-Wentz were perhaps less clear about the difference between the ability of an advanced spiritual practitioner to emanate, and tulpas created by magicians and so on. It seems safer to start by treating the terms as separate but etymologically related.
- I changed the re-direct at the top of the article to say "tulku" rather than "tulpa". I don't think the word "tulpa" will be found anywhere in that article. But perhaps it would be more appropriate just to delete that re-direct? (This is directed at all who are interested of course, not just BlockArranger.) Meerta (talk) 22:09, 10 August 2025 (UTC)