Template-guided self-assembly
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Template-guided self-assembly is a versatile fabrication process that can arrange various micrometer to nanometer sized particles into lithographically created template with defined patterns. The process contain the following four steps.[1][2]
The "template" can be created by either photolithography or e-beam lithography to define binding sites for various building blocks. The binding sites should reflect the footprint of the building blocks or clusters to be bound.
Surface Treatment
After film development, the created pattern is treated with charged polymers in order to “stick” the particles. Take poly-lysine as an example, the poly-lysine will cover the negatively charged glass surface and turn the charge to be positive; it thus can non-specifically bind negatively charged metallic nanoparticles.