Terebellides
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| Terebellides | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Terebellides horikoshii | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
| Clade: | Sedentaria |
| Suborder: | Terebelliformia |
| Family: | Trichobranchidae |
| Genus: | Terebellides M. Sars, 1835[1] |
| Type species | |
| Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Terebellides is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Trichobranchidae.[2] They were once considered to be cosmopolitan in their distribution, and were first examined in 1984 by Susan J. Williams. The specimens first examined were located in the Eastern Pacific. In recent years, there has been a shift of focus to study them in the Atlantic Ocean, due to their complex DNA.[3] Their geographic distribution emphasizes differences in nephridia size; this was the first characteristic identified in Atlantic Ocean specimens. This finding demonstrated the importance of comparing Atlantic taxa with those from the eastern Pacific. Current research focuses on a third stomach region that lacks certain internal anatomical characteristics found in other taxa.[4]
- Terebellides abyssalis (Hartman, 1965)[5]
- Terebellides akares Hutchings, Nogueira & Carrerette, 2015[6]
- Terebellides anguicomus Müller, 1858[7]
- Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984[8]
- Terebellides bakkeni Parapar, Capa, Nygren, Moreira, 2020[9]
- Terebellides baliensis Hsueh & Li, 2017[10]
- Terebellides banalis Schüller & Hutchings, 2012[11]
- Terebellides biaciculata Hartmann-Schröder, 1992[12]
- Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011[13]
- Terebellides bisetosa Hartmann-Schröder, 1965[14]
- Terebellides brevis Imajima & Williams, 1985[15]
- Terebellides bulbosa Schüller & Hutchings, 2012[11]
- Terebellides californica Williams, 1984[8]
- Terebellides carmenensis Solis-Weiss, Fauchald & Blankensteyn, 1991[16]
- Terebellides concertina Schüller & Hutchings, 2012[11]
- Terebellides distincta Williams, 1984[8]
- Terebellides diva Schüller & Hutchings, 2012[11]
- Terebellides ehlersi McIntosh, 1885[17]
- Terebellides eurystethus Chamberlin, 1919[18]
- Terebellides gingko Schüller & Hutchings, 2012[11]
- Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874[19]
- Terebellides horikoshii Imajima & Williams, 1985[15]
- Terebellides hutchingsae Parapar, Moreira & Martin, 2016[20]
- Terebellides intoshi Caullery, 1915[21]
- Terebellides irinae Gagaev, 2009[22]
- Terebellides japonica Moore, 1903[23]
- Terebellides jitu Schüller & Hutchings, 2010[24]
- Terebellides jorgeni Hutchings, 2007[25]
- Terebellides kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885)[17]
- Terebellides klemani Kinberg, 1866[26]
- Terebellides kobei Hessle, 1917[27]
- Terebellides kongsrudi Parapar, Capa, Nygren, Moreira, 2020[9]
- Terebellides koreni Hansen, 1882[28]
- Terebellides kowinka Hutchings & Peart, 2000[29]
- Terebellides lanai Solis-Weiss, Fauchald & Blankensteyn, 1991[16]
- Terebellides lineata Imajima & Williams, 1985[15]
- Terebellides lobatus Hartman & Fauchald, 1971[30]
- Terebellides longicaudatus Hessle, 1917[27]
- Terebellides malvinensis Bremec & Elias, 1999[31]
- Terebellides mediterranea Parapar, Mikac & Fiege, 2013[32]
- Terebellides moorei Hessle, 1917[27]
- Terebellides mundora Hutchings & Peart, 2000[29]
- Terebellides narribri Hutchings & Peart, 2000[29]
- Terebellides norvegica Parapar, Capa, Nygren, Moreira, 2020[9]
- Terebellides pacifica Kinberg, 1866[26]
- Terebellides parvus Solis-Weiss, Fauchald & Blankensteyn, 1991[16]
- Terebellides paulina (Grube, 1871)[33]
- Terebellides persiae Parapar, Moreira, Gil & Martin, 2016[34]
- Terebellides reishi Williams, 1984[8]
- Terebellides ronningae Parapar, Capa, Nygren, Moreira, 2020[9]
- Terebellides scotica Parapar, Capa, Nygren, Moreira, 2020[9]
- Terebellides sepultura Garraffoni & Lana, 2003[35]
- Terebellides shetlandica Parapar, Moreira & O'Reilly, 2016[36]
- Terebellides sieboldi Kinberg, 1866[26]
- Terebellides strepsibranchis (Grube, 1871)[33]
- Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835[1]
- Terebellides totae Bremec & Elias, 1999[31]
- Terebellides umbella Grube, 1870[37]
- Terebellides vanhoeffeni (Ehlers, 1913)[38]
- Terebellides woolawa Hutchings & Peart, 2000[29]
Terebellides sepultura is named after the Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura.[35]
Physiology
These worms are typically a distinct pale brown. They have multiple known physiological features. Developmental research has led to further discoveries regarding their physiology. Several elements have been noted in their stomach makeup and their internal anatomy and their proportionate stomachs connect them to further interspecies relationships. There has been an increase in interest of studying the number of lamella located in their digestive gland. A specific characteristic of their anatomy is the single mid-dorsal branchia. This composition includes two to five lamellate lobes. They have a visible presence of eggs throughout their wall of their body. Around their head, they have tentacles which aid in the locomotion and feeding process. These worms are elongated and taper downwards with their ending segments that are crowded and shorter in comparison. The head region is known as the prostomium. It is compact and used to formulate the lips in order for these worms to be able to have their cilia bring them their food from their tentacles. They also have a thorax and an abdomen. Their thorax contains 18 pairs of notopodia.
Feeding
They are deposit feeders which utilize their grooved tentacles to obtain food particles from the surface of the ocean and also from sediment. They have mucus present on their tentacles that helps them trap food.They transfer food to their upper lip and then moves it into the mouth by the cilia. The reason as to why they rely on their tentacles for their feeding habits is to reach out from their burrows and grasp onto nearby food in the benthic region of the oceans. A current study focusing on their alimentary canal has been recently introduced. This involves their digestive process and how their bodies will break down ingested food.
Movement
They have been noted to move along the Norwegian and Swedish continental shelf. They are sedentary and presently live within burrows in the benthic region of the oceans. They utilize this location to their advantage in order to be bottom feeders and will rise to the surface when necessary and to forage for their food. They only move to obtain food and survive, and tend not to leave their burrows unless it is to obtain their food. They rely on currents to disperse planktonic larvae, in addition to utilizing them for movement. Some species have limited movement abilities, specifically when they become disturbed. Their primary means of transportation are ocean currents, as they are not able to move their bodies sufficiently on their own to obtain food.
