Teudopseina

The Teudopseina can be united by five primary traits. These are the presence of a gladius, a reduced, spoon-shaped conus, a median field that is distinctly rounded or pointed anteriorly, weakly curved hyperbolar zones, and lateral fields shorter than the hyperbolar zones.^[2] Members of the superfamily Muensterelloidea are characterized by a spoon-shaped section of the gladius, known as the patella. This is believed to be ancestral to the condition present in modern octopuses.^[3]

The current consensus is that the Teudopseina forms a stem-group of the Octopoda.^[4][5] Certain taxa, such as Enchoteuthis, have sometimes been classified as either relatives of giant squids or vampire squids.^{[citation needed]}