The Daughter of the Griffin Bird

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The Daughter of the Griffin Bird (Hungarian: A griffmadár leánya) is a Hungarian fairy tale published by Hungarian author Arnold Ipolyi.

The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 408, "The Love for Three Oranges", albeit in a variation that appears locally in Hungary: instead of fruits, the fairy maiden can come out of eggs.

In this tale, a prince asks his father for money to use on his journey. The king gives him four hundred florints, but says he is not to return until he is married to the daughter of the griffin bird. The prince ventures into a forest and meets an old man who directs him to a griffin's nest, with five eggs, but alerts that the griffin has left the nest so the prince can don the man's clothes to steal the eggs. The prince climbs up the tree and grabs all five eggs from the griffin's nest.

The old man advises the prince not to open the eggs until he finds a well. The prince thanks the old man and makes a return home. Eager to see the contents of the eggs, he cracks open the first: out comes a beautiful maiden wearing a dress that asks for water. Since he has none with him, she dies. The same happens to the next eggs. Lastly, the prince reaches a well and cracks open the final egg, releasing a maiden wearing a golden dress that asks for water. The prince gives her water and places her atop the beam of the well, promising to return with a golden carriage driven by golden-maned horses.

While he is away, a pair of gypsy women come to the well and find the maiden's visage in the water, each mistaking it for their own appearance. The gypsy pair argue about their beauty, and one of them returns home, while the other discovers the egg maiden atop the well. She shoves the egg maiden into the well and takes her place. Inside the well, the egg maiden becomes a golden fish, while the prince returns with a great retinue. He notices the maiden atop the well does not look like the one he released from the egg, but takes her back to the palace anyway. He also brings the golden fish back home.

The prince orders a woman to clean the golden fish and remove its scales, but she misses misses a golden scale which contains the egg maiden and it becomes a tree branch. The false bride feigns illness and asks the prince to cut down the branch and make a bed out of it. The prince does as asked, and fells the tree branch, but the woman who cut the fish plucks some woodchips and brings home with her. She places the chips in the fire and goes to a neighbour's house, while the egg maiden comes out of the chips to eat the woman's food. The woman returns and notices there is no food for her, so she decides to investigate: one day, she spies through the keyhole the egg maiden coming out of the chips. The old woman intercepts the egg maiden and asks her to be her adopted daughter.

The egg maiden helps the poor old woman in her chores, taking the cows to graze and drawing water. As the egg maiden takes the cows to graze, the prince stops to light up a pupe and admire the maiden's beauty and her shining golden dress. One night, the prince notices that the maiden's dress is illuminating the night and sends for the old woman and the maiden to ask them for explanations. The pair tell him the whole story. After discovering the truth, he marries the griffin's daughter and punishes the gypsy woman by placing her inside a barrel and tying it to a loose horse.[1]

Analysis

Tale type

The tale is related to type ATU 408, "The Love for Three Oranges" or Die Drei Citronenjungfrauen ("The Three Maidens in the Citron Fruits").[2][3]

In an article in Enzyklopädie des Märchens, scholar Christine Shojaei Kawan separated the tale type into six sections, and stated that parts 3 to 5 represented the "core" of the story:[4]

  • (1) A prince is cursed by an old woman to seek the fruit princess;
  • (2) The prince finds helpers that guide him to the princess's location;
  • (3) The prince finds the fruits (usually three), releases the maidens inside, but only the third survives;
  • (4) The prince leaves the princess up a tree near a spring or stream, and a slave or servant sees the princess's reflection in the water;
  • (5) The slave or servant replaces the princess (transformation sequence);
  • (6) The fruit princess and the prince reunite, and the false bride is punished.

Motifs

The heroine's appearance

According to Hungarian folktale collector Arnold Ipolyi, Hungarian variants of the tale type usually show the fairy maiden coming out of a plant ("növényből").[5] In addition, the Hungarian Folktale Catalogue (MNK) named the type A Három Nádszálkisasszony ("The Three Reed Maidens"), since the maidens come out of reeds instead of fruits.[6] However, they may also appear out of eggs (in 5 variants)[7] or from apples (in 3 variants).[8] According to Ákos Dömötör, the motif of "girls from eggs" in variants of type 408 indicates "the Subcarpathian unity" of the tales.[9]

Variants

See also

References

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