Thulium(III) chloride
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thulium(III) chloride or thulium trichloride is as an inorganic salt composed of thulium and chlorine with the formula TmCl3. It forms yellow crystals. Thulium(III) chloride has the YCl3 (AlCl3) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.[5] It has been used as a starting material for some exotic nanostructures prepared for NIR photocatalysis.[6][7]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Thulium(III) chloride | |
| Other names
Thulium chloride, thulium trichloride | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.535 |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| TmCl3 | |
| Molar mass | 275.292 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow crystals |
| Density | 3.98 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 824 °C (1,515 °F; 1,097 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,490 °C (2,710 °F; 1,760 K) |
| heptahydrate: very soluble | |
| Solubility | heptahydrate: very soluble in ethanol[1] |
| Structure | |
| Monoclinic, mS16 | |
| C12/m1, No. 12 | |
| 6[2] | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−966.6 kJ/mol[3] |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Irritant |
| GHS labelling:[4] | |
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| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Thulium(III) oxide |
Other cations |
Erbium(III) chloride Ytterbium(III) chloride Thulium(II) chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
Thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by reacting thulium(III) oxide or thulium(III) carbonate and ammonium chloride:[8]
- Tm2O3 + 6 NH4Cl → 2 TmCl3 + 6 NH3 + 2 H2O
The hexahydrate of thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by adding thulium(III) oxide to concentrated hydrochloric acid.[1][8]
- 2 Tm + 6 HCl → 2 TmCl3 + 3 H2
Thulium(III) chloride can also be obtained by directly reacting thulium and chlorine:[9]
- 2 Tm + 3 Cl2 → 2 TmCl3
Properties
Thulium(III) chloride is a light yellow powder. Its hexahydrate is a light green hygroscopic solid.[6] Both are soluble in water.[10] Thulium(III) chloride has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/m (No. 12) corresponding to that of aluminum(III) chloride.[10][8]
Thulium(III) chloride reacts with strong bases to make thulium(III) oxide.