Timeline of Kraków
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prior to 16th century
- 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
- 1038 - Capital of Poland relocated from Gniezno/Poznań to Kraków.
- 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec established in Tyniec near Kraków.[2]
- 1079 - Capital of Poland relocated from Kraków to Płock.
- 1138
- Capital of Poland relocated from Płock back to Kraków.
- Kraków becomes the capital of the newly formed Seniorate Province.
- 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
- 1241 - Kraków sacked by Mongol forces during the first Mongol invasion of Poland.[3]
- 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of Lokacja Krakowa.[3]
- 1290 - Town captured by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.[4]
- 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
- 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[5]
- 1315 - 27 June: Polish-Danish-Norwegian-Swedish alliance concluded in Kraków.[6]
- 1320
- 20 January: Coronation of Władysław I Łokietek as King of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral, as the first Polish king to be crowned in Kraków.[7]
- Kraków becomes the official coronation site for the kings of Poland.[7]
- 1333
- 1364
- 12 May: Kraków Academy founded.[4]
- 22–27 September: Congress of Kraków.
- Wawel Cathedral[8] and Collegium Maius built.
- 1384 - 16 October: Royal coronation of Queen Jadwiga of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[9]
- 1386
- 15 February: Baptism of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
- 18 February: Royal wedding of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland.[10]
- 4 March: Royal coronation of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
- 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[11]
- 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[8]
- 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
- 1399 - Burial of Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Princess Elizabeth Bonifacia in the Wawel Cathedral.[12]
- 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[13]
- 1417 - Royal coronation of Elizabeth Granowska as Queen consort of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[14]
- 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
- 1443 - Earthquake, which caused damage to the Saint Catherine Church.[15]
- 1491
- Paper mill established in Prądnik Czerwony.[16]
- Printing press in operation.[17]
- Nicolaus Copernicus begins studies in Kraków.
16th to 18th centuries
- 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
- 1525
- 8 April: Treaty of Kraków signed.
- 10 April: Prussian Homage.
- 1558 - Establishment of a permanent postal connection between Kraków and Venice; foundation of Poczta Polska.[18] The organizer was the Italian Prospero Provana, and from 1569 the royal privilege was transferred to Valerian Montelupi.
- 1566 - Kraków arsenal built (near St. Florian's Gate).
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- 1587 - Kraków besieged by Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria.
- 1596 - First acquisition of citizenship in the city by a Scot (see also Scots in Poland).[19]
- 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).[3]
- 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
- 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
- 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.[8]
- 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on St. Anna Street, Kraków.[8]
- 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.[3]
,_Poland_-_Geographicus_-_Krakow-pufendorf-1655.jpg)
- 1661 - Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny newspaper begins publication.
- 1702 - Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706): City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[20]
- 1703 - Church of St. Anne rebuilt.[2]
- 1768
- City taken by Russian forces.[20]
- St. Florian's Church rebuilt.[4]
- 1775 - 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army stationed in Kraków.[21]
- 1781 - Theatre opens.[citation needed]
- 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[22]
- 1794
- 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.[3]
- Polish 3rd Infantry Regiment stationed in Kraków.[21]
- June: Prussians in power.[20]
- 1795 - City annexed by Austria in the Third Partition of Poland.[20][4]
19th century
- 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
- 1810 - Population: 23,612.
- 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[23]
- 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
- 1823 - Kościuszko Mound completed.
- 1829 - Fryderyk Chopin visited Kraków.[24]
- 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.[20]
- 1846
- February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) established.
- November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Kraków established.[23][4]
- 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
- 1848 - Czas newspaper begins publication.[25]
- 1850
- 18 February: Archaeological Museum of Kraków established.
- 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.[20]
- 1851 - Population: 41,086.[26]
- 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun Barbara Ubryk discovered; unrest ensues.[20]
- 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[27] active.
- 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
- 1883:
- The first ever liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen performed by Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski in Kraków
- Konstanty Schmidt-Ciążyński gifted his collection of engraved gems to National Museum in Kraków
- 1885 - Park Krakowski established.[28]
- 1890 - Population: 76,025.[29]
- 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
- 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.[8]
- 1900
- Nicolaus Copernicus Monument unveiled.
- Population: 91,310.[4]
20th century
1900–1939
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- 1904 - Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum opened.
- 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
- 1906 - Cracovia and Wisła Kraków football clubs founded.
- 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
- 1910
- 15 July: Grunwald Monument unveiled.
- Population: 151,781.[30]
- 1916 - Kino Sztuka (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[31]
- 1918 - City becomes part of reborn Poland.[3]
- 1919 - Wawel Kraków football club founded.
- 1920 - Population: 176,463.[32]
- 1921
- Garbarnia Kraków football club founded.
- Cracovia wins its first Polish football championship.
- 1923 - Cracovia ice hockey team founded.
- 1927 - Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish football championship.
- 1929
- Kraków Zoo opens.[33]
- Cracovia wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
- Cracovia wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
- 1931
- Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
- Garbarnia Kraków wins its first Polish football championship.
- Population: 219,300.
- 1933
- Grupa Krakowska (art group) formed.[34]
- Cracovia wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- 1937 - Cracovia wins its first Polish ice hockey championship.
World War II (1939–1945)
- 1939
- 6 September: German forces enter city.
- 12 September: The Einsatzgruppe zbV entered the city.[35]
- 12 September: Execution of 10 Jews by the Germans.[36]
- September: Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war established by the Germans.[37]
- September: Organizacja Orła Białego underground Polish resistance organization founded.[38]
- 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
- 6 November: 183 Polish professors and lecturers arrested by the Germans during Sonderaktion Krakau.
- 9–10 November: Mass arrests of 120 Poles, incl. teachers, students and judges, during the Intelligenzaktion.[39]
- 1939–1940 - Massacres of over 1,700 Poles at Fort 49 of the Kraków Fortress and the adjacent forest.[40]
- 1940
- 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
- 1942
- 15 April: Baudienst forced labour camp established by the Germans.
- 5 June: Stalag 369 prisoner-of-war camp for Dutch, Belgian and French POWs established by the Germans.[41]
- Local branch of the Żegota underground Polish resistance organization established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[42]
- October: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp established by the Germans.
- 1943 - March: Liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto.
- 1944
- 22 July: Baudienst forced labour camp dissolved.
- 6 August: Stalag 369 camp dissolved.
- Deportations of Poles by the occupiers from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków to Kraków during and following the Warsaw Uprising.[43]
- 1945
- January: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp evacuated by the occupiers and dissolved.
- January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]
1945–2000
- 1945 – Historical Museum of Kraków established.
- 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
- 1949
- Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
- Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
- 1950
- Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery founded.[44]
- Population: 347,500.[23]
- 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[22]
- 1954
- Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
- Opera Krakowska founded.
- Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
- 1955
- 1956
- 28 October: Start of mass blood donation for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[45]
- Raising of funds, food and medical supplies for the Hungarians.[45]
- 30 October, 5 November: Protests against the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian Revolution.[45]
- 1959
- Krzysztofory Gallery[34] and Kino Mikro (cinema).[citation needed] open.
- Wawel Kraków wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish women's volleyball championship.
- 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
- 1963 - Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- 1964
- Balice Airport begins operating.
- Polish Aviation Museum established.
- Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.[46]
- 1965 – Population: 520,145.
- 1967 - Kino Kijów (cinema) opens.
- 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
- 1974 - Population: 662,900.[47]
- 1978
- May: Kraków co-hosts the 1978 UEFA European Under-18 Championship.
- Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[48]
- 1979 - Hutnik Kraków wins its first Polish handball championship.
- 1988
- Hutnik Kraków wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[49]
- 1990 - Czas Krakowski newspaper begins publication.[25]
- 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.
- 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
- 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
- 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
- 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.[48]
21st century
- 2001 - Honorary Consulate of Norway opened.[50]
- 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
- 2004
- 17 April: First khachkar in Poland unveiled.[51]
- 7 May: First Kraków Equality March.
- 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
- 2008
- Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
- International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
- 2009
- Kino Agrafka (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[52]
- 2010
- 1 February: Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków opened.[53]
- 18 April: State funeral of Lech and Maria Kaczyński.
- 10 June: Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum opened.[53]
- 17 July: Ignacy Jan Paderewski monument erected in Strzelecki Park, Kraków.
- 30 September: Bernatek Footbridge opened.[53]
- 2012 - Population: 758,300.[54]
- 2013
- 8–9 October: Arraiolos Group meeting held.
- Air pollution in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[55]
- 2014
- May: Tauron Arena opens.
- May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.
- 2016
- January: Kraków co-hosts the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
- 13–17 July: Kraków hosts the final round of the 2016 FIVB Volleyball World League.
- 26–31 July: Kraków hosts the World Youth Day 2016.
- 2017
- June: Kraków co-hosts the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
- August–September: Kraków co-hosts the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
- 2021
- June: Honorary Consulate of Peru opened.[56]
- September: Kraków co-hosts the 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
- 2023
- January: Kraków co-hosts the 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.
- June–July: Kraków hosts the 2023 European Games.
See also
- History of Kraków
- Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
- List of mayors of Kraków
- List of churches of Kraków
- Synagogues of Kraków
- List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
- List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków
