Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This timeline summarises significant events in the history of Northumbria and Northumberland.
- 559 – Ida of Bernicia is the first known King of Bernicia; he reigned from 547 to 559.[1]
- 588 – The first king of Deira was Ælla of Deira who ruled from 560 until his death in 588.[1]
600
- 604 – Aethelfrith unites Bernicia and Deira to form Northumbria.
- 613 – Æthelfrith engaged in the Battle of Chester.[1]
- 625 – Paulinus is consecrated as Bishop of York.
- 634 – Lindisfarne Priory founded by Irish monk Saint Aidan.[2]
- 634/642 – Oswald of Northumbria "reunited the whole of Northumbria".[1]
- 638 – Gododdin hillfort at Edinburgh is captured by Oswald of Northumbria (see Northumbrian Edinburgh).
- 664 – Synod of Whitby
- 664 – Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham.
- 674 – Hexham Abbey built.[2]
- 685 – Loss to Picts at Battle of Dun Nechtain (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
- 687 – Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage.
700
- 709 – Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham.
- 715 – Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels.
- 731 – Bede writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at Jarrow.[1]
- 735 – Alcuin of York is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne.
- 793 – Vikings raid Lindisfarne.
- 794 – Vikings raid Jarrow.
800
- 827 – Northumbria accepts Egbert of Wessex as overlord.[1]
- 865 – Northumbrians led by Aelle II defeat Ragnar Lodbrok's raiding Vikings.
- 866 – York and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen Army."
- 867 – Aelle II and Osberht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.
900
- 915 – Ealdred I of Bernicia and Constantine II of Scotland are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of Corbridge.
- 927 – Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
- 937 – Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh.
- 947/48 – Eric Bloodaxe King of Northumbria.[1]
- 952/54 – Eric Bloodaxe King of Northumbria again.[1]
- 954
- Edinburgh is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
- Eadred of Wessex permanently "absorbed Northumbria into the English Kingdom."
- 993 – Bamburgh Castle destroyed by the Vikings.
- 995 – Monks from Lindisfarne establish Durham
1000
- 1013 – Uhtred the Bold, ealdorman of all Northumbria submitted to Sweyn Forkbeard as did all of the Danes in the north.
- 1018 – Lothian is lost to the King of Scots Malcolm II.[1]
- 1041 – Eadwulf, earl of Bamburgh was "betrayed" by king Harthacnut and killed by Siward.
- 1065 – The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
- 1069 – William I ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the Harrying of the North.
- 1072 – William I crosses Northumbria into Scotland, supported by a large fleet, to challenge Malcolm III.
- 1080 – Normans fortify a town on the Tyne, thereafter known as Newcastle.
- 1089 – Northumberland county is created.
- 1091 – Cathedral Church of St Nicholas founded.[2]
- 1095 – Prudhoe Castle built (approx date).[2]
- 1096 – Alnwick Castle construction begins.[2]
1100
- 1121 – Norham Castle construction begins.[2]
- 1135 – Brinkburn Priory founded (approx date).[2]
- 1137 – Newminster Abbey is founded near Morpeth.
- 1139 – Matilda grants Northumberland north of the Tees to David I of Scotland.
- 1143 – Castle is built at Northallerton.
- 1150 – Warkworth Castle built (approx date).[2]
- 1157 – Henry II reclaims Northumberland from Scotland.
- 1160 – Castle is built at Norham.
- 1174 – While besieging Alnwick, William I of Scotland is captured and imprisoned in Newcastle.
- 1177 – The Castle, Newcastle built.[2]
1200
- 1216 – King John orders destruction of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
- 1237 – The Treaty of York defines the northern border of England and Northumberland county.
- 1240 – Hulne Priory founded.[2]
- 1250 – Haughton Castle built. (approx date).[2]
- 1296 – English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
- 1297 – Scots led by William Wallace burn Hexham, Corbridge and Ryton.
1300
- 1314 – The county was ravaged by Robert the Bruce. [2]
- 1322 – Dunstanburgh Castle built.[2]
- 1330 – Peel tower added to Featherstone Castle.[2]
- 1333 – Edward III, besieging Berwick-upon-Tweed, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.
- 1346 – Scottish force sacks Hexham prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross.
- 1349 – Black Plague
- 1370 – Belsay Castle built. (approx date).[2]
- 1377 – Henry Percy becomes first Earl of Northumberland.
- 1388 – Battle of Otterburn.[2]
1400
- 1402 – Battle of Humbleton Hill
- 1403 – Henry "Hotspur" Percy is killed at Shrewsbury in battle against Henry IV.
- 1450 – Dilston Castle built. (approx date)[2]
- 1464 – Battle of Hedgeley Moor
- 1482 – Berwick-upon-Tweed last re-captured by England.
1500
- 1500 – Birth of Bishop Ridley who was martyred in 1555.[2]
- 1513 – English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field.
- 1549 – John Knox appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-Tweed.
- 1551 – John Dudley becomes first Duke of Northumberland.
- 1569 – Earl of Northumberland rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the North.
- 1572 – The liberty of Hexham was annexed to Northumberland.[2]
- 1597 – Plague kills 340 in Newcastle.
1600
- 1603 – Union of crowns under James I
- 1606 – James I transports Border Reivers to Ireland in the Plantation of Ulster.
- 1640 – Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
- 1649 – 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trials.
1700
- 1707 – Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales.
- 1715 – Birth of Capability Brown in Kirkharle.
- 1745 – Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising.
- 1761 – Troops in Hexham shoot 40 miners protesting against conscription.
- 1781 – Birth of George Stephenson in Wylam
- 1782 – 5th Regiment of Foot named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.
1800
- 1800 – Bewick publishes British Birds.
- 1819 – Newcastle Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry raised.
- 1829
- Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.
- Natural History Society of Northumbria founded.
- 1838 – Grace Darling rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
- 1844 – North British Railway operated from 1844 to 1922.[2]
- 1853 – Cholera epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.
- 1854 – North Eastern Railway incorporated.[2]
- 1877 – Rutherford College of Technology founded.
- 1891 – Population: 506,442.[2]
1900
- 1901 – Population: 603,498.[2]
- 1903 – Smallpox epidemic hits Newcastle.
- 1936 – Two hundred men march from Jarrow to London to protest about unemployment in the region.
- 1940 – Spitfires from RAF Acklington intercept Luftwaffe bombers off the Farne Islands.
- 1963 – University of Newcastle upon Tyne is established as separate institution.
- 1966 – Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease strikes Northumberland farms.
- 1974 – The county of Tyne and Wear is created.