Timeline of operating systems
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article provides a brief timeline for the evolution of operating systems. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
1940s
- 1949
- EDSAC was an early computer developed by Maurice Wilkes and manufactured by the University of Cambridge
1950s
- 1951
- LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'[1] was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
- 1953
- DYSEAC - an early machine capable of distributing computing
- 1955
- General Motors Operating System made for IBM 701[2]
- MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103[3][4]
- 1956
- GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
- 1957
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
- BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
- 1958
- EDSAC 2
- University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
- 1959
- SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O
1960s
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
- BBN Time-Sharing System
- GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
- 1963
- 1964
- Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
- Chippewa Operating System (for CDC 6600 supercomputer)
- Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
- EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
- KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
- PDP-6 Monitor (DEC) descendant renamed TOPS-10 in 1970
- SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
- TOPS-1
- 1965
- BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
- DECsys
- TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
- Livermore Time Sharing System (LTSS)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
- Pick operating system
- SIPROS 66 (Simultaneous Processing Operating System)[6]
- THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) development
- TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
- 1966
- Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC)
- DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
- GEORGE 1 & 2 for ICT 1900 series
- Mod 1[7]
- Mod 2[8]
- Mod 8[9]
- MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
- MSOS (Mass Storage Operating System)[10]
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
- RAX
- Remote Users of Shared Hardware (RUSH), a time-sharing system developed by Allen-Babcock for the IBM 360/50
- SODA for Elwro's Odra 1204
- Universal Time-Sharing System (XDS Sigma series)
- 1967
- CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
- CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
- Conversational Programming System (CPS), an IBM time-sharing system under OS/360
- Michigan Terminal System (MTS)[11] (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
- ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- OS/360 MVT
- ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
- WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
- 1968
- Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
- B1 (NCR Century series)[12]
- CALL/360, an IBM time-sharing system for System/360
- HP Real-Time Executive (HP RTE) – Hewlett-Packard[13]
- HP Time-Shared BASIC (HP TSB) – Hewlett-Packard[13] (time-sharing system for the HP 2000)
- THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology) publication
- TSS/8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
- VP/CSS
- 1969
- B2 (NCR Century series)[14]
- B3 (NCR Century series)[14]
- GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series
- MINIMOP[15]
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October[16])
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
- TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
- Unix
- Xerox Operating System
1970s
- 1970
- DOS-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971
- 1972
- B4 (NCR Century series)[14]
- COS-300
- Data General RDOS
- Edos
- MUSIC/SP
- OS/4
- OS 1100
- OS/2000 (Honeywell 2000-series)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
- PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/I, called PL/P)
- Virtual Machine/Basic System Extensions Program Product (BSEPP or VM/SE)
- Virtual Machine/System Extensions Program Product (SEPP or VM/BSE)
- Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
- 1973
- 1974
- ACOS-2 (NEC)
- ACOS-4
- ACOS-6
- CP/M[17]
- DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
- Hydra[18] – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
- MONECS
- Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
- OS/7
- OS/16
- OS/32
- Sintran III
- 1975
- 1976
- Apple I
- Cambridge CAP computer[20] – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
- Cray Operating System
- DX10
- FLEX[21]
- TOPS-20
- TX990/TXDS
- Tandem Nonstop OS v1
- Thoth
- 1977
- 1BSD
- AMOS
- Apple II
- KERNAL
- OASIS operating system
- OS68
- OS4000
- RMX-80
- System 88 (Exec)
- System Support Program (IBM System/34 and System/36)
- TRSDOS
- Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
- VRX (Virtual Resource eXecutive)
- VS Virtual Memory Operating System[22]
- 1978
- 2BSD
- Apple DOS
- Control Program Facility (IBM System/38)
- Cray Time Sharing System (CTSS)
- DPCX (IBM)
- DPPX (IBM)
- HDOS
- KSOS[23] – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
- KVM/370[24] – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
- Lisp machine (CADR)
- MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
- OS4 (Naked Mini 4)
- PTDOS[25]
- TRIPOS
- UCSD p-System (First released version)
- Z80-RIO
- 1979
- Atari DOS
- 3BSD
- CP-6
- Idris
- MP/M
- MVS/System Extensions R2 (MVS/SE2)
- NLTSS
- POS
- Sinclair BASIC
- Transaction Processing Facility (TPF) (IBM)
- UCLA Secure UNIX[26] – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel
- UNIX/32V
- DOS/VSE
- Version 7 Unix
1980s
- 1980
- 1981
- Acorn MOS
- Aegis SR1 (First Apollo/DOMAIN systems shipped on March 27[28])
- CP/M-86
- DRX (Distributed Resource Executive)
- iMAX – OS for Intel's iAPX 432 capability machine
- MCS (Multi-user Control System)
- MS-DOS
- PC DOS
- Pilot (Xerox Star operating system)
- UNOS
- UTS
- V
- VERSAdos[29]
- VRTX
- VSOS (Virtual Storage Operating System)[30]
- Xinu first release
- 1982
- Commodore DOS
- LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
- PCOS (Olivetti M20)
- pSOS
- QNX
- Stratus VOS[31]
- Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
- Ultrix
- Unix System III
- VAXELN
- 1983
- Apple III Plus
- Coherent
- DNIX
- EOS
- GNU (project start)
- Lisa Office System 7/7
- LOCUS[32] – UNIX compatible, high reliability, distributed OS
- MVS/System Product V2 (MVS/Extended Architecture, MVS/XA)
- Novell NetWare (S-Net)
- PERPOS
- ProDOS
- RTU (Real-Time Unix)
- STOP[33] – TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for SCOMP hardware
- SunOS 1.0
- VSE/System Package (VSE/SP) Version 1[34]
- 1984
- 1985
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- DESQview
- DG/UX
- DOS Plus
- Graphics Environment Manager
- Harmony
- IBM TopView
- Mac OS (System 2)
- MIPS RISC/os
- Oberon – written in Oberon
- SunOS 2.0
- Version 8 Unix
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
- Windows 1.0 (First major released of Microsoft Windows)
- Windows 1.01
- Xenix 2.0
- 1986
- 1987
- Arthur (much improved version came in 1989 under the name RISC OS)
- BS2000 V9.0
- IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
- Mac OS (System 4)
- Mac OS (System 5)
- MDOS
- MINIX 1.0
- OS/2 (1.0)
- PC-MOS/386
- Topaz[39] – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
- VxWorks
- Windows 2.0
- 1988
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- AOS/VS II (Data General)
- CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
- Flex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
- GS/OS
- HeliOS 1.0
- KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
- LynxOS
- Mac OS (System 6)
- MVS/System Product V3 (MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture, MVS/ESA)
- OS/2 (1.1)
- OS/400
- RISC iX
- SpartaDOS X
- SunOS 4.0
- TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
- VAX VMM[40] – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
- Windows 2.1
- 1989
- Army Secure Operating System (ASOS)[41] – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications
- EPOC (EPOC16)
- IRIX 3.2
- Mac OS (System 6.0.4)
- MINIX 1.4
- Novell NetWare 3
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- OS/2 (1.2)
- RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
- SCO UNIX (Release 3)
- TSX-32
- Version 10 Unix
- VMS V5.2
- Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
1990s
- 1990
- AIX 3.0
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- DOS/V
- DR-DOS 5
- Genera 8.0
- HP-UX 7.0
- IRIX 3.3
- iS-DOS
- LOCK[42] – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel and hardware support for type enforcement
- Mac OS (System 6.0.5)
- MINIX 1.5
- MVS/ESA SP Version 4
- Novell NetWare 3
- NeXTSTEP 2.0
- OS/2 1.3
- OSF/1
- RTEMS
- PC/GEOS
- Windows 3.0
- Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
- VSE/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VSE/ESA) Version 1[43]
- 1991
- 1992
- 386BSD 0.1
- Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
- AmigaOS 3.0
- ANDOS (DOS-like operating system for the Electronika BK series computers)
- BSD/386, by BSDi and later known as BSD/OS.
- LGX
- MPE/iX 4.0
- Mac OS 7.2
- MagiC (as Mag!X or MagiX)
- OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
- OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
- Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
- RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
- SLS
- Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
- Windows 3.1
- 1993
- IBM 4690 Operating System
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- Novell NetWare 4
- Newton OS
- Nucleus RTOS
- Open Genera 1.0
- OS 2200 (Unisys)
- OS/2 2.1
- PTS-DOS
- Slackware 1.0
- Slackware 1.1
- Spring
- Windows Cairo
- Windows Chicago
- Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
- 1994
- 1995
- BeOS DR1
- Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
- FreeBSD 2.1
- IRIX 5.3
- Linux 1.2.0
- Mac OS 7.5.1
- Mac OS 7.5.2
- NetBSD 1.1
- Novell NetWare 4.1
- OpenBSD
- OpenServer 5.0.2
- OS/390
- Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
- PlayStation OS
- Red Hat Linux 1.x
- Red Hat Linux 2.x
- Slackware 2.2
- Slackware 2.3
- Slackware 3.0
- SMSQ/E
- Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
- Windows 95
- Windows NT 3.51
| year-month | Apple | BSD | Linux | Microsoft | others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 (unknown) | RISC OS 3.6[citation needed] | ||||
| 1996-01 | Java 1.0 | ||||
| 1996-02 | OS/2 Warp Server 4.0 | ||||
| 1996-03 | Mac OS 7.5.3 | Red Hat Linux 3.0.3 | Palm OS | ||
| 1996-04 | BeOS DR7 | ||||
| 1996-05 | AIX 4.2 IRIX 6.2 | ||||
| 1996-06 | Debian 1.1 Linux 2.0 Slackware 3.1 |
||||
| 1996-07 | OpenBSD 1.2 | ||||
| 1996-08 | Windows NT 4.0 | ||||
| 1996-09 | NetBSD 1.2 | Windows NT 4.0 Server | OS/2 Warp 4.0 BeOS DR8 | ||
| 1996-10 | OpenBSD 2.0 | Red Hat Linux 4.0 | |||
| 1996-11 | Windows CE 1.0 | XFree86 3.2 | |||
| 1996-12 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | JN (microkernel, embedded Java apps)[46] Novell NetWare 4.11 | |||
| 1997 (unknown) | DR-WebSpyder 1.0 Inferno MINIX 2.0[citation needed] Nemesis[47] RISC OS 3.7[citation needed] | ||||
| 1997-01 | Mac OS 7.6[48] | Windows Memphis Developer Release | |||
| 1997-02 | Slackware 3.2 Red Hat Linux 4.1 |
||||
| 1997-03 | BeOS PR1 | ||||
| 1997-04 | Caldera OpenLinux 1.0 | ||||
| 1997-05 | Red Hat Linux 4.2 | IRIX 6.4 | |||
| 1997-06 | EPOC (EPOC32) | ||||
| 1997-07 | Mac OS 8 | Slackware 3.3 Debian 1.3 |
|||
| 1997-08 | |||||
| 1997-09 | Windows NT 5.0 | BeOS PR2 | |||
| 1997-10 | OpenBSD 2.2 | Slackware 3.4 | Windows CE 2.0 | AIX 4.3 | |
| 1997-11 | |||||
| 1997-12 | Red Hat Linux 5.0 | SkyOS Series 20 | |||
| 1998 (unknown) | RISC OS 3.71 | ||||
| 1998-01 | Digital UNIX 4.0d | ||||
| 1998-02 | Windows CE 2.01 | Solaris 2.6 | |||
| 1998-03 | Mac OS 8.1 | SUSE 5.2 | |||
| 1998-04 | KDE 1.0 PC DOS 2000 | ||||
| 1998-05 | Red Hat Linux 5.1 | DR-WebSpyder 2.0 AIX 4.3.1 BeOS R3 | |||
| 1998-06 | NetBSD 1.3.2 | Slackware 3.5 | Windows 98 | IRIX 6.5 | |
| 1998-07 | Junos OS | SCO OpenServer 5.0.5 | |||
| 1998-08 | Debian 2.0 | ||||
| 1998-09 | NetBSD 1.3.2 | ||||
| 1998-10 | Mac OS 8.5 | FreeBSD 3.0 | Slackware 3.6 | Windows CE 2.11 | Novell NetWare 5 RT-11 5.7 (last stable) BeOS R4 |
| 1998-11 | Red Hat Linux 5.2 | Solaris 7 (1st 64-bit) SuSE 5.3 | |||
| 1998-12 | Mac OS 8.5.1 | GNOME 1.0 OS/2 Warp Server | |||
| 1999 (unknown) | Windows Odyssey (not released) | AROS (1st boot in Stand Alone version) | |||
| 1999-01 | NetBSD 1.3.3 | Linux 2.2.0 | |||
| 1999-02 | FreeBSD 3.1 | ||||
| 1999-03 | Mac OS X Server 1.0 | ||||
| 1999-04 | NetBSD 1.4 | Red Hat Linux 6.0 | OS/2 Warp 4.5 | ||
| 1999-05 | Slackware 3.9 Slackware 4.0 |
HP-UX 11.00 | |||
| 1999-06 | NetBSD 1.4.1 | Windows 98 (2nd edition) | |||
| 1999-07 | Caldera OpenLinux 2.2 | Inferno Second Edition[49] RISC OS 4 QNX RTOS v6.0 | |||
| 1999-08 | SuSE 6.2 | ||||
| 1999-09 | Windows CE 2.12 | BeOS R4.5 | |||
| 1999-10 | Mac OS 9 | OpenBSD 2.6 | Slackware 7.0 Red Hat Linux 6.1 |
Amiga OS 3.5 (unofficial) | |
| 1999-11 | Corel Linux OS 1.0 | ||||
| 1999-12 | FreeBSD 3.4 | Windows Neptune alpha |
