Timeline of the Ilkhanate

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The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

1210s

Year	Date	Event
1217		Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki^[1]
1218	autumn	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively^[2]
1218	winter	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed^[2]
1219	fall	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana^[3]

1220s

Year	Date	Event
1220	15 February	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana^[3]
	16 March	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan^[3]
	May	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains^[4]
	winter	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies^[3]
1221	March	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Tolui destroys Merv^[3]
	April	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat^[3]
	spring	Battle of Parwan: Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeats a Mongol army led by Shigi Qutuqu in the Hindu Kush^[3]
		Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Termez^[3]
		Siege of Bamyan: Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process^[5]
	November	Battle of Indus: Genghis Khan defeats Jalal al-Din Mangburni, who swims across the Indus River and escapes^[3]

1230s

Year	Date	Event
1231	August	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Chormaqan defeats Jalal al-Din Mangburni, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty^[4]
1232		Tolui is struck by sickness and dies^[6]
1236		Mongol invasions of Georgia: Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia^[7]

1240s

Year	Date	Event
1242		Mongol invasions of Anatolia: Mongols take Erzurum^[8]
1243	26 June	Battle of Köse Dağ: Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia^[9]
1244		The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols^[8]
1244		Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire^[10]

1250s

Year	Date	Event
1251	fall	Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China^[1]
1252	summer	Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad^[11]
1256	20 November	Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins^[1]
1256		Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV^[12]
1258	17 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak^[13]
	18 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back^[13]
	29 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad^[13]
	1 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower^[14]
	3 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls^[14]
	10 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender^[14]
	13 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongols sack Baghdad^[14]
	20 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate^[14]
		Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan"^[14]
	March	Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit^[1]

1260s

Year	Date	Event
1260	January	Siege of Aleppo (1260): Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty^[1]
		The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire^[15]
	6 June	Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat^[16]
	26 July	Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza^[16]
	spring	Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin^[1]
	August	Kitbuqa sacks Sidon^[15]
	3 September	Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates^[16]
	10 December	First Battle of Homs: Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria^[1]
		Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan^[17]
1261		Mosul and Cizre rebel^[1]
1262	summer	Rebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed^[1]
	November	Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni^[18]
		Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan^[17]
		Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut^[18]
1263	13 January	Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River^[18]
1265	8 February	Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan^[19]
1266		Berke–Hulagu war: Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur^[19]

1270s

Year	Date	Event
1270		Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat^[20]
1271		Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq^[21]
1273	January	Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara^[22]
1277	15 April	Battle of Elbistan: Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan^[19]

1280s

Year	Date	Event
1281	29 October	Second Battle of Homs: Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces^[19]
1282		Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim^[19]
1284		Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder^[19]

1290s

Year	Date	Event
1290		Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun^[19]
1290		Nawrūz rebels and fails^[19]
1291	7 March	Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother^[19]
1294		Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically^[19]
1295		Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu^[19]
1295	October	Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim^[19]
1299	22–23 December	Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar: Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks^[23]

14th century

1300s

Year	Date	Event
1301		Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo^[24]
1303	20 April	Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303): Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks^[24]
1304	11 May	Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü^[19]
1307	June	Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan^[22]
1308	winter	Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism^[22]

1310s

Year	Date	Event
1310		Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission^[10]
1312		Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni^[25]
1316		Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate^[26]
1316	16 December	Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan^[22]
1318		Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan^[22]
1318		Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate^[22]
1319	13 July	Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud^[22]

1320s

Year	Date	Event
1323		Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate^[22]

1330s

Year	Date	Event
1335	30 November	Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate^[27]
1336		Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa^[27]
1337		Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan^[27]
1338		Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür^[27]

1340s

Year	Date	Event
1346		Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate^[27]

1350s

Year	Date	Event
1356		Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate^[27]

References

Bibliography

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Timeline of the Ilkhanate

1210s

1220s

1230s

1240s

1250s

1260s

1270s

1280s

1290s

14th century

1300s

1310s

1320s

1330s

1340s

1350s

See also

References

Bibliography

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