Tipulidae
Family of flies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tipulidae is a family of large crane flies in the order Diptera. There are more than 30 genera and 4,200 described species in Tipulidae, common and widespread throughout the world.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
| Tipulidae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
_Tipula_paludosa_on_Iris_leave.jpg) | |
| Tipula paludosa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Infraorder: | Tipulomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Tipuloidea |
| Family: | Tipulidae Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies | |
| |
A crane fly can be identified as a member of Tipulidae by its maxillary palps, which is the pair of appendages that hang down from the front of its head. If the fourth segment (the furthest from the body) of the maxillary palp is longer than the other three combined, then it is likely to be a member of Tipulidae. There are also usually 13 segments in the antennae of large crane flies, compared to 14 or 16 in the common limoniid crane flies.[3]
The oldest fossils that can be assigned confidently to Tipulidae sensu stricto are those of the genus Tipunia, which date to the Late Jurassic.[8][9]
Genera
These 39 genera belong to the family Tipulidae:
- Acracantha Skuse, 1890
- Angarotipula Savchenko, 1961
- Austrotipula Alexander, 1920
- Brachypremna Osten Sacken, 1886
- Brithura Edwards, 1916
- Clytocosmus Skuse, 1890
- Ctenophora Meigen, 1803
- Dictenidia Brullé 1833
- Dolichopeza Curtis, 1825
- Elnoretta Alexander, 1929
- Euvaldiviana Alexander, 1981
- Goniotipula Alexander, 1921
- Holorusia Loew
- Hovapeza Alexander, 1951
- Hovatipula Alexander, 1955
- Idiotipula Alexander, 1921
- Indotipula Edwards, 1931
- Ischnotoma Skuse, 1890
- Keiseromyia Alexander, 1963
- Leptotarsus Guerin-meneville, 1838
- Macgregoromyia Alexander, 1929
- Maekistocera Wiedemann, 1821
- Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803 (tiger crane flies)
- Nigrotipula Hudson & Vane-Wright, 1969
- Orithea Meigen, 1800
- Ozodicera Macquart, 1834
- Phoroctenia Coquillett, 1910
- Platyphasia Skuse, 1890
- Prionocera Loew, 1844
- Prionota van der Wulp, 1885
- Pselliophora Osten-Sacken, 1887
- Ptilogyna Westwood, 1835
- Scamboneura Osten Sacken, 1882
- Sphaerionotus de Meijere, 1919
- Tanyptera Latreille, 1804
- Tipula Linnaeus, 1758
- Tipulodina Enderlein, 1912
- Valdiviana Alexander, 1929
- Zelandotipula Alexander, 1922
Ecology
Most crane fly larvae are saprophagous, feeding on microbe-rich organic matter, typically decaying plant material in moist environments. However, some species are predacious, fungivorous, or phytophagous. Certain groups have adapted to extreme habitats, including caves, marine intertidal zones, and deserts, although the majority inhabit humid forests and wetlands.[10]
