Tomáš Berdych career statistics

This is a list of the main career statistics of Czech professional tennis player Tomáš Berdych.

More information Career finals, Discipline ...

Career finals
Discipline	Type	Won	Lost	Total	WR
Singles	Grand Slam tournaments	–	1	1	0.00
	Year-end championships	–	–	–	–
	ATP Masters 1000*	1	3	4	0.25
	Olympic Games	–	–	–	–
	ATP Tour 500	3	4	7	0.43
	ATP Tour 250	9	11	20	0.45
	Total	13	19	32	0.40
Doubles	Grand Slam tournaments	–	–	–	–
	Year-end championships	–	–	–	–
	ATP Masters 1000*	–	–	–	–
	Olympic Games	–	–	–	–
	ATP Tour 500	1	1	2	0.50
	ATP Tour 250	1	–	1	1.00
	Total	2	1	3	0.67
Total		15	19	34	0.44
1) WR = Winning Rate 2) * formerly known as "Super 9" (1996–1999), "Tennis Masters Series" (2000–2003) or "ATP Masters Series" (2004–2008).

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Result	Year	Tournament	Surface	Opponent	Score
Win	2005	Paris Masters	Carpet (i)	Ivan Ljubičić	6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4
Loss	2010	Miami Open	Hard	Andy Roddick	5–7, 4–6
Loss	2012	Madrid Open	Clay	Roger Federer	6–3, 5–7, 5–7
Loss	2015	Monte-Carlo Masters	Clay	Novak Djokovic	5–7, 6–4, 3–6

Result	W–L	Date	Tournament	Tier	Surface	Opponent	Score
Win	1–0	Sep 2004	Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, Italy	International	Clay	Filippo Volandri	6–3, 6–3
Loss	1–1	Jul 2005	Swedish Open, Sweden	International	Clay	Rafael Nadal	6–2, 2–6, 4–6
Win	2–1	Oct 2005	Paris Masters, France	Masters 1000	Carpet (i)	Ivan Ljubičić	6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4
Loss	2–2	Jun 2006	Halle Open, Germany	International	Grass	Roger Federer	0–6, 7–6^(7–4), 2–6
Loss	2–3	Oct 2006	Mumbai Open, India	International	Hard	Dmitry Tursunov	3–6, 6–4, 6–7^(5–7)
Win	3–3	Jun 2007	Halle Open, Germany	International	Grass	Marcos Baghdatis	7–5, 6–4
Loss	3–4	Jul 2008	Swedish Open, Sweden	International	Clay	Tommy Robredo	4–6, 1–6
Win	4–4	Oct 2008	Japan Open, Japan	Intl. Gold	Hard	Juan Martín del Potro	6–1, 6–4
Win	5–4	May 2009	Bavarian Championships, Germany	250 Series	Clay	Mikhail Youzhny	6–4, 4–6, 7–6^(7–5)
Loss	5–5	Apr 2010	Miami Open, US	Masters 1000	Hard	Andy Roddick	5–7, 4–6
Loss	5–6	Jul 2010	Wimbledon Championships, UK	Grand Slam	Grass	Rafael Nadal	3–6, 5–7, 4–6
Win	6–6	Oct 2011	China Open, China	500 Series	Hard	Marin Čilić	3–6, 6–4, 6–1
Win	7–6	Feb 2012	Open Sud de France, France	250 Series	Hard (i)	Gaël Monfils	6–2, 4–6, 6–3
Loss	7–7	May 2012	Madrid Open, Spain	Masters 1000	Clay	Roger Federer	6–3, 5–7, 5–7
Loss	7–8	Aug 2012	Winston-Salem Open, US	250 Series	Hard	John Isner	6–3, 4–6, 6–7^(9–11)
Win	8–8	Oct 2012	Stockholm Open, Sweden	250 Series	Hard (i)	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	4–6, 6–4, 6–4
Loss	8–9	Feb 2013	Open 13, France	250 Series	Hard (i)	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	6–3, 6–7^(6–8), 4–6
Loss	8–10	Mar 2013	Dubai Tennis Championships, UAE	500 Series	Hard	Novak Djokovic	5–7, 3–6
Loss	8–11	Sep 2013	Thailand Open, Thailand	250 Series	Hard (i)	Milos Raonic	6–7^(4–7), 3–6
Win	9–11	Feb 2014	Rotterdam Open, Netherlands	500 Series	Hard (i)	Marin Čilić	6–4, 6–2
Loss	9–12	Mar 2014	Dubai Tennis Championships, UAE	500 Series	Hard	Roger Federer	6–3, 4–6, 3–6
Loss	9–13	May 2014	Portugal Open, Portugal	250 Series	Clay	Carlos Berlocq	6–0, 5–7, 1–6
Loss	9–14	Oct 2014	China Open, China	500 Series	Hard	Novak Djokovic	0–6, 2–6
Win	10–14	Oct 2014	Stockholm Open, Sweden (2)	250 Series	Hard (i)	Grigor Dimitrov	5–7, 6–4, 6–4
Loss	10–15	Jan 2015	Qatar Open, Qatar	250 Series	Hard	David Ferrer	4–6, 5–7
Loss	10–16	Feb 2015	Rotterdam Open, Netherlands	500 Series	Hard (i)	Stan Wawrinka	6–4, 3–6, 4–6
Loss	10–17	Apr 2015	Monte-Carlo Masters, Monaco	Masters 1000	Clay	Novak Djokovic	5–7, 6–4, 3–6
Win	11–17	Oct 2015	Shenzhen Open, China	250 Series	Hard	Guillermo García-López	6–3, 7–6^(9–7)
Win	12–17	Oct 2015	Stockholm Open, Sweden (3)	250 Series	Hard (i)	Jack Sock	7–6^(7–1), 6–2
Win	13–17	Oct 2016	Shenzhen Open, China (2)	250 Series	Hard	Richard Gasquet	7–6^(7–5), 6–7^(2–7), 6–3
Loss	13–18	May 2017	Lyon Open, France	250 Series	Clay	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	6–7^(2–7), 5–7
Loss	13–19	Jan 2019	Qatar Open, Qatar	250 Series	Hard	Roberto Bautista Agut	4–6, 6–3, 3–6

Result	W–L	Date	Tournament	Tier	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Win	1–0	Feb 2008	Rotterdam Open, Netherlands	Intl. Gold	Hard (i)	Dmitry Tursunov	Philipp Kohlschreiber Mikhail Youzhny	7–5, 3–6, [10–7]
Loss	1–1	Aug 2010	Washington Open, US	500 Series	Hard	Radek Štěpánek	Mardy Fish Mark Knowles	6–4, 6–7^(7–9), [7–10]
Win	2–1	Jan 2014	Qatar Open, Qatar	250 Series	Hard	Jan Hájek	Alexander Peya Bruno Soares	6–2, 6–4

Result	W–L	Date	Tournament	Surface	Partner(s)	Opponents	Score
Loss	0–1	May 26, 2007	World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany	Clay	Jan Hájek Martin Damm	Juan Ignacio Chela Agustín Calleri José Acasuso	1–2
Loss	0–2	December 4–6, 2009	Davis Cup, Barcelona, Spain	Clay (i)	Radek Štěpánek Jan Hájek Lukáš Dlouhý	Rafael Nadal David Ferrer Fernando Verdasco Feliciano López	0–5
Win	1–2	January 17, 2012	Hopman Cup, Perth, Australia	Hard	Petra Kvitová	Marion Bartoli Richard Gasquet	2–0
Loss	1–3	May 21, 2012	World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany	Clay	Radek Štěpánek František Čermák	Janko Tipsarević Viktor Troicki Miki Janković	0–3
Win	2–3	November 16–17, 2012	Davis Cup, Prague, Czech Republic	Hard (i)	Radek Štěpánek Lukáš Rosol Ivo Minář	David Ferrer Nicolás Almagro Marcel Granollers Marc López	3–2
Win	3–3	November 15–17, 2013	Davis Cup, Belgrade, Serbia	Hard (i)	Radek Štěpánek Lukáš Rosol Jan Hájek	Novak Djokovic Nenad Zimonjić Dušan Lajović Ilija Bozoljac	3–2

Result	W–L	Date	Tournament	Tier	Surface	Opponent	Score
Win	1–0	Jul 2003	Budaörs, Hungary	Challenger	Clay	Ivaylo Traykov	6–2, 6–3
Win	2–0	Aug 2003	Graz, Austria	Challenger	Clay	Julian Knowle	6–4, 5–7, 6–2
Win	3–0	Mar 2004	Besançon, France	Challenger	Hard (i)	Julien Benneteau	6–3, 6–1
Win	4–0	Jun 2004	Weiden in der Oberpfalz, Germany	Challenger	Clay	Janko Tipsarević	6–3, 6–3
Win	5–0	Jun 2004	Braunschweig, Germany	Challenger	Clay	Daniel Elsner	4–6, 6–1, 6–4

Win	1–0	Sep 2002	Czech Republic F5, Třinec	Futures	Clay	Pavel Šnobel	6–2, 6–3
Win	2–0	Nov 2002	Czech Republic F8, Hrotovice	Futures	Carpet	Ladislav Chramosta	6–4, 6–3
Loss	2–1	Jan 2003	Great Britain F1, Glasgow	Futures	Carpet	Wesley Moodie	6–7^(5–7), 6–7^(5–7)
Win	3–1	May 2003	Great Britain F5, Bournemouth	Futures	Clay	Peter Clarke	6–1, 6–4

Tomáš Berdych career statistics

Grand Slam tournaments finals

Singles: 1 (runner-up)

Other significant finals

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments

Singles: 4 (1 title, 3 runner-ups)

ATP Tour finals

Singles: 32 (13 titles, 19 runner-ups)

Doubles: 3 (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

Team competition finals: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)

ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 9 (8 titles, 1 runner-up)

Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)

Performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

Best Grand Slam results details

Wins over Top 10 players

Career Grand Slam tournament seedings

Notes

Related Articles

Timelines

Top Qs

Fact Checks

Result	W–L	Date	Tournament	Tier	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Win	1–0	Mar 2003	Sarajevo, Bosnia	Challenger	Hard (i)	Jaroslav Levinský	Simon Aspelin Johan Landsberg	1–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–4
Win	2–0	May 2003	Prague, Czech Republic	Challenger	Clay	Michal Navrátil	Martín García Sebastián Prieto	6–4, 3–6, 6–4
Loss	2–1	Jul 2003	Budaörs, Hungary	Challenger	Clay	Michal Navrátil	Gergely Kisgyörgy Giancarlo Petrazzuolo	4–6, 6–4, 6–7^(3–7)

Loss	0–1	Dec 2002	Czech Republic F9, Ostrava	Futures	Hard	Lukáš Dlouhý	Philipp Petzschner Simon Stadler	3–6, 1–6
Loss	0–2	Apr 2003	Italy F1, Rome	Futures	Clay	Dušan Karol	Gergely Kisgyörgy Giancarlo Petrazzuolo	6–7^(2–7), 7–6^(7–5), 5–7
Win	1–2	May 2003	Great Britain F5, Bournemouth	Futures	Clay	Michal Navrátil	Raphael Durek Todd Reid	6–3, 6–2

Tournament	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	SR	W–L	Win %
Grand Slam tournaments
Australian Open	A	A	2R	1R	2R	4R	4R	4R	2R	QF	QF	QF	SF	SF	QF	3R	QF	4R	0 / 16	47–16	75%
French Open	A	A	1R	2R	4R	1R	2R	1R	SF	1R	4R	1R	QF	4R	QF	2R	1R	A	0 / 15	25–15	62%
Wimbledon	A	A	1R	3R	4R	QF	3R	4R	F	4R	1R	QF	3R	4R	SF	SF	A	1R	0 / 15	42–15	74%
US Open	A	2R	4R	3R	4R	4R	1R	3R	1R	3R	SF	4R	QF	4R	A	2R	A	1R	0 / 15	32–15	68%
Win–loss	0–0	1–1	4–4	5–4	10–4	10–4	6–4	8–4	12–4	9–4	12–4	11–4	15–4	14–4	13–3	9–4	4–2	3–3	0 / 61	146–61	71%
Year-end championships
Tour Finals	did not qualify								RR	SF	RR	RR	RR	RR	did not qualify				0 / 6	6–13	32%
ATP World Tour Masters 1000
Indian Wells	A	A	A	3R	4R	2R	2R	2R	QF	4R	4R	SF	2R	QF	4R	3R	3R	1R	0 / 15	22–15	59%
Miami Masters	A	A	A	1R	3R	3R	SF	4R	F	QF	3R	QF	SF	SF	QF	QF	3R	A	0 / 14	34–13	72%
Monte-Carlo	A	A	1R	2R	2R	SF	A	1R	3R	3R	SF	3R	3R	F	2R	3R	1R	A	0 / 14	20–14	59%
Madrid Open^[a]	A	A	A	2R	1R	2R	2R	2R	A	QF	F	SF	QF	SF	QF	3R	1R	A	0 / 13	21–13	62%
Italian Open	A	A	Q1	1R	3R	QF	A	1R	2R	QF	QF	SF	3R	QF	3R	3R	1R	A	0 / 13	19–13	59%
Canadian Open	A	A	A	2R	QF	1R	2R	1R	QF	QF	3R	3R	3R	2R	QF	A	A	A	0 / 12	14–12	54%
Cincinnati Masters	A	A	A	2R	1R	3R	2R	QF	3R	SF	3R	SF	2R	QF	3R	1R	A	A	0 / 13	18–13	58%
Shanghai Masters^[b]	A	A	1R	1R	SF	2R	2R	3R	3R	3R	SF	3R	QF	QF	2R	A	A	A	0 / 8	16–13	55%
Paris Masters	A	A	A	W	QF	3R	3R	2R	3R	SF	QF	QF	SF	QF	QF	A	A	A	1 / 12	27–11	71%
Win–loss	0–0	0–0	0–2	12–8	14–9	12–9	9–7	9–9	16–8	19–9	19–9	21–9	14–8	22–9	12–9	10–6	2–5	0–1	1 / 118	191–117	62%
National representation
Summer Olympics	not held		QF	not held			3R	not held			1R	not held			A	not held			0 / 3	5–3	63%
Davis Cup	A	1R	1R	1R	PO	1R	QF	F	SF	1R	W	W	SF	A	QF	A	A	A	2 / 14	29–15	66%
Career statistics
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Career
Tournaments	0	2	15	27	24	22	20	25	23	23	22	23	23	22	20	18	12	9	330
Finals	0	0	1	1	2	2	2	1	2	1	4	3	5	5	1	1	0	1	32
Titles	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	2	0	2	2	1	0	0	0	13
Hard win–loss	0–0	2–2	7–5	12–14	23–14	21–14	25–14	22–17	25–21	37–15	42–15	39–17	40–14	40–16	27–14	17–10	10–5	13–8	9 / 213	401–216	65%
Clay win–loss	0–0	0–0	9–7	12–11	14–7	16–8	6–6	9–7	14–4	10–6	18–5	9–6	11–6	12–4	7–4	10–5	0–4	0–0	2 / 81	158–90	64%
Grass win–loss	0–0	0–0	0–1	3–3	7–2	8–1	3–2	4–2	6–1	6–2	1–3	6–2	4–2	5–2	5–2	8–3	1–2	0–1	1 / 32	67–31	70%
Carpet win–loss	0–0	0–0	0–2	7–1	4–1	1–1	1–0	1–0	Discontinued										1 / 4	14–5	74%
Overall win–loss	0–0	2–2	16–15	34–29	48–24	46–24	35–22	36–26	45–26	53–23	61–23	54–25	55–22	57–22	39–20	35–18	11–11	13–9	13 / 330	640–342	65%
Win %	–	50%	52%	54%	67%	66%	61%	58%	63%	70%	73%	68%	71%	72%	66%	66%	50%	59%	65%
Year-end ranking	398	103	44	24	13	14	20	20	6	7	6	7	7	6	10	19	71	104	$29,491,328

Tournament	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007–19	SR	W–L	Win %
Grand Slam tournaments
Australian Open	A	A	A	QF	3R	A	0 / 2	5–2	71%
French Open	A	A	1R	2R	1R	A	0 / 3	1–3	25%
Wimbledon	A	A	A	2R	A	A	0 / 1	1–1	50%
US Open	A	A	2R	1R	1R	A	0 / 3	1–3	25%
Win–loss	0–0	0–0	1–2	5–4	2–3	0–0	0 / 9	8–9	47%

Season	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Total
Wins	0	0	1	3	5	2	2	1	6	6	7	6	5	3	2	3	1	0	53

#	Player	Rank	Event	Surface	Rd	Score
2004
1.	Roger Federer	1	Olympics, Athens, Greece	Hard	2R	4–6, 7–5, 7–5
2005
2.	Rafael Nadal	2	Cincinnati, United States	Hard	1R	6–7^(4–7), 6–2, 7–6^(7–3)
3.	Guillermo Coria	7	Paris, France	Carpet (i)	2R	6–4, 6–2
4.	Ivan Ljubičić	10	Paris, France	Carpet (i)	F	6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4
2006
5.	Lleyton Hewitt	10	Indian Wells, United States	Hard	3R	7–5, 6–3
6.	David Nalbandian	3	World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany	Clay	RR	6–4, 6–4
7.	Rafael Nadal	2	Toronto, Canada	Hard	3R	6–1, 3–6, 6–2
8.	Andy Roddick	6	Madrid, Spain	Hard (i)	3R	7–6^(9–7), 6–3
9.	Rafael Nadal	2	Madrid, Spain	Hard (i)	QF	6–3, 7–6^(8–6)
2007
10.	James Blake	6	Davis Cup, Ostrava, Czech Republic	Clay (i)	RR	6–1, 2–6, 7–5, 7–5
11.	Tommy Robredo	6	Monte Carlo, Monaco	Clay	3R	1–6, 6–3, 6–2
2008
12.	James Blake	8	World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany	Clay	RR	7–6^(7–5), 7–6^(7–5)
13.	Andy Roddick	8	Tokyo, Japan	Hard	SF	6–7^(3–7), 7–5, 7–6^(7–3)
2009
14.	Gilles Simon	8	Davis Cup, Ostrava, Czech Republic	Carpet (i)	RR	7–6^(7–3), 4–6, 7–6^(7–2), 6–2
2010
15.	Roger Federer	1	Miami, United States	Hard	4R	6–4, 6–7^(3–7), 7–6^(8–6)
16.	Robin Söderling	7	Miami, United States	Hard	SF	6–2, 6–2
17.	Andy Murray	4	French Open, Paris, France	Clay	4R	6–4, 7–5, 6–3
18.	Roger Federer	2	Wimbledon, London, England	Grass	QF	6–4, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4
19.	Novak Djokovic	3	Wimbledon, London, England	Grass	SF	6–3, 7–6^(11–9), 6–3
20.	Andy Roddick	8	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	7–5, 6–3
2011
21.	Fernando Verdasco	9	Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia	Hard	4R	6–4, 6–2, 6–3
22.	Roger Federer	3	Cincinnati, United States	Hard	QF	6–2, 7–6^(7–3)
23.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	7	Beijing, China	Hard	SF	6–4, 4–6, 6–1
24.	Andy Murray	3	Paris, France	Hard (i)	QF	4–6, 7–6^(7–5), 6–4
25.	Janko Tipsarević	9	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	2–6, 6–3, 7–6^(8–6)
26.	David Ferrer	5	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	3–6, 7–5, 6–1
2012
27.	Nicolás Almagro	10	Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia	Hard	4R	4–6, 7–6^(7–5), 7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(7–2)
28.	Janko Tipsarević	8	Davis Cup, Prague, Czech Republic	Clay (i)	RR	7–6^(8–6), 7–6^(8–6), 7–6^(9–7)
29.	Andy Murray	4	Monte Carlo, Monaco	Clay	QF	6–7^(4–7), 6–2, 6–3
30.	Roger Federer	1	US Open, New York, United States	Hard	QF	7–6^(7–1), 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
31.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	6	Shanghai, China	Hard	QF	6–3, 7–6^(7–4)
32.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	7	Stockholm, Sweden	Hard (i)	F	4–6, 6–4, 6–4
33.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	8	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	7–5, 3–6, 6–1
2013
34.	Roger Federer	2	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	Hard	SF	3–6, 7–6^(10–8), 6–4
35.	Richard Gasquet	10	Indian Wells, United States	Hard	4R	6–1, 7–5
36.	Andy Murray	3	Madrid, Spain	Clay	QF	7–6^(7–3), 6–3
37.	Novak Djokovic	1	Rome, Italy	Clay	QF	2–6, 7–5, 6–4
38.	Andy Murray	2	Cincinnati, United States	Hard	QF	6–3, 6–4
39.	David Ferrer	3	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	6–4, 6–4
2014
40.	David Ferrer	3	Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia	Hard	QF	6–1, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4
41.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	10	Dubai Tennis Championships, Dubai, UAE	Hard	QF	6–4, 6–3
42.	John Isner	10	Miami, United States	Hard	4R	6–3, 7–5
43.	Grigor Dimitrov	10	Stockholm, Sweden	Hard (i)	F	5–7, 6–4, 6–4
44.	Marin Čilić	9	World Tour Finals, London, England	Hard (i)	RR	6–3, 6–1
2015
45.	Rafael Nadal	3	Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia	Hard	QF	6–2, 6–0, 7–6^(7–5)
46.	Milos Raonic	6	Monte Carlo, Monaco	Clay	QF	5–2, Ret.
47.	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	10	Paris, France	Hard (i)	3R	6–3, 6–4
2016
48.	Richard Gasquet	10	Miami, United States	Hard	4R	6–4, 3–6, 7–5
49.	David Ferrer	9	Madrid, Spain	Clay	3R	7–6^(10–8), 7–5
2017
50.	Milos Raonic	6	Lyon, France	Clay	SF	7–6^(7–5), 7–6^(7–2)
51.	Dominic Thiem	8	Wimbledon, London, England	Grass	4R	6–3, 6–7^(1–7), 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
52.	Novak Djokovic	4	Wimbledon, London, England	Grass	QF	7–6^(7–2), 2–0, Ret.
2018
53.	Juan Martín del Potro	10	Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia	Hard	3R	6–3, 6–3, 6–2

Year	Australian Open	French Open	Wimbledon	US Open
2002	did not play	did not play	did not play	did not play
2003	did not play	did not play	did not play	lucky loser
2004	qualifier	not seeded	not seeded	not seeded
2005	not seeded	not seeded	not seeded	32nd
2006	19th	20th	13th	12th
2007	13th	10th	7th	9th
2008	13th	11th	11th	22nd
2009	20th	19th	20th	17th
2010	21st	15th	12th	7th
2011	6th	6th	6th	9th
2012	7th	7th	6th	6th
2013	5th	5th	7th	5th
2014	7th	6th	6th	6th
2015	7th	4th	6th	6th
2016	6th	7th	10th	did not play
2017	10th	13th	11th	15th
2018	19th	17th	did not play	did not play
2019	not seeded	did not play	Protected ranking	Protected ranking