Tony Williams (drummer)

Williams was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts.^[5] He was of African, Portuguese, and Chinese descent.^[5][6] He studied with drummer Alan Dawson at the age of 11, and began playing professionally at the age of 13 with saxophonist Sam Rivers. Saxophonist Jackie McLean hired Williams when he was 16.^[5][7] As a young drummer, he was influenced by Max Roach, Art Blakey, Philly Joe Jones, Roy Haynes, Louis Hayes, and Jimmy Cobb.^[8][9][10]

At 17, Williams joined Miles Davis in what was later dubbed Davis's Second Great Quintet—with saxophonist Wayne Shorter, pianist Herbie Hancock, and bassist Ron Carter. Davis had been in something of a creative lull, and critics noted the young Tony Williams's playing spurred the others on.^[11] Williams was a vital element of the group, called by Davis in his autobiography "the center that the group's sound revolved around".^[12] His playing helped redefine the role of the jazz rhythm section through the use of polyrhythms and metric modulation. Meanwhile, he recorded his first two albums as a leader for the Blue Note label: Life Time (1964) and Spring (1965). He also recorded as a sideman for the label including the classics Out to Lunch! with Eric Dolphy and Point of Departure with Andrew Hill, both in 1964.

In 1969 Williams formed The Tony Williams Lifetime, with John McLaughlin on guitar and Larry Young on organ.^[5] Lifetime was a pioneering band of the fusion movement.^[13]

Their first album was Emergency!. For the album Turn It Over, the trio was joined by bass guitarist and vocalist Jack Bruce. After several more releases and touring, Lifetime disbanded. In 1975, Williams formed "The New Tony Williams Lifetime", featuring bassist Tony Newton, keyboardist Alan Pasqua and guitarist Allan Holdsworth, who recorded two albums for Columbia Records: Believe It and Million Dollar Legs.

In 1976, Williams reunited with his colleagues from the Miles Davis Quintet.^[5] (Davis himself was in the midst of a six-year hiatus and was "replaced" by trumpeter Freddie Hubbard.) ^[5] A record of their concert was later released as V.S.O.P. ("Very Special One-time Performance"), the name under which the group toured and recorded for several years.^[5][14]

In 1979, Williams, McLaughlin, and bassist Jaco Pastorius united for a performance at the Havana Jazz Festival.^[5] This trio came to be known as the Trio of Doom, and a recording of their performance (along with some studio tracks recorded in New York shortly thereafter) was released in 2007. Williams and Pastorius also played together on "Good Question" from the 1978 Herbie Hancock album Sunlight. Williams appears with the group Fuse One on their 1980 album.^[15]

In 1985, he returned to Blue Note with the album Foreign Intrigue. Eventually Williams formed his own acoustic quintet with trumpeter Wallace Roney, saxophonist Bill Pierce, pianist Mulgrew Miller and bassist Ira Coleman.^[13] The quintet played Williams's compositions almost exclusively, recording and touring extensively from 1986 to 1992, culminating in the album The Story of Neptune.

Williams guested with the band Public Image Ltd, fronted by John Lydon, on their release titled Album (1986).

On February 20, 1997, Williams checked into Seton Medical Center in Daly City, California, suffering from stomach pain. Three days later, while recuperating from gallbladder surgery, he died of a heart attack. He was 51 years old.^{[16][17][18][19]}

Williams lived and taught in the San Francisco Bay Area until his death in 1997.^[20][21] One of his final recordings was The Last Wave by the trio known as Arcana, a release organized by Bill Laswell.^[22]