Transnationality Index
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Company | Home | Industry | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xstrata |  | Mining & quarrying | 93.2 |
| ABB Group |   | Engineering services | 90.4 |
| Nokia |  | Electrical & electronic equip | 90.3 |
| Pernod Ricard |  | Food, beverages and tobacco | 89.1 |
| WPP Group | | Business services | 88.9 |
| Vodafone | | Telecommunications | 88.6 |
| Linde |  | Chemicals | 88.3 |
| AB InBev |  | Food, beverages and tobacco | 87.9 |
| Anglo American | | Mining & quarrying | 87.5 |
| ArcelorMittal |  | Metal and metal products | 87.2 |
The Transnationality Index (TNI) is a means of ranking multinational corporations that is employed by economists and politicians.
It is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the following three ratios (where "foreign" means outside of the corporation's home country):[2]
- the ratio of foreign assets to total assets
- the ratio of foreign sales to total sales
- the ratio of foreign employment to total employment
The Transnationality Index was developed by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.[3][4]
Differences with other measures
Multinational corporations are also ranked by the amount of foreign assets that they own. However, the TNI ranking can differ markedly from this.
For example, as of 2000, General Electric was the second largest multinational corporation in terms of foreign asset ownership. However, it ranked only 73rd in the overall TNI, with an index score of 40%. Although the company had large investments outside of the United States, most of its sales, employment, and assets were within the United States.
In contrast, Exxon has a TNI of 68% and Vodafone has a TNI of 81%. As of 2001, General Electric ranked 75th, with a TNI of 36.7%. The 14 most transnational corporations originated in small countries (Switzerland, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada), whereas the largest multinational corporations in terms of foreign asset ownership all had low TNI scores. General Motors, the fourth largest multinational corporation in terms of foreign asset ownership only ranked 83rd (30.7%) in the TNI top 100. IBM ranked 50th (53.7%), Volkswagen ranked 45th (55.7%), and Toyota, the sixth largest multinational corporation in terms of foreign asset ownership, only ranked 82nd (30.9%) on the broader TNI scale.[2][5]
