Trara Mountains
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The Trara Mountains are a mountain range in Algeria, located on the northwest coast of the country. The range has an average altitude of 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 ft), with a maximum altitude of 1,336 metres (4,383 ft) at the level of the Djebel Fellaoucene.
The Trara Mountains are a coastal range in the western extension of the Tell Atlas mountains. It represents, in the Tell Oranais, a mountainous block that is difficult to access. This massif appears as a mountainous arch between the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the valley of the Wadi Tafna to the east, the Wadi Mouilah to the south and the valley of Wadi Kiss to the west, which determines the Moroccan border.[1] This space represents a well-identified geographical entity considering its rugged relief of east-west orientation running entirely north of the Wilayah of Tlemcen and the northwest of the Wilayah of Aïn Témouchent.[1]
The vegetation of the massif is made up mainly of pines and cypresses.[2]
Like other mountainous regions of North Africa, this regional entity is characterized by a human environment of Berber origin, which is very ancient and highly conservative.[3][4]
The tribes living in this area had been grouped since the Middle Ages[5] into a confederation called Trara,[6] named after the same massif. This confederation was composed of seven tribes of the Koumia branch of the Beni Faten:[7] Beni Mishel,[8] Beni Menir, Beni Ouarsous, Beni Khallad,[9] Beni Abed, Beni Frouzech, and Beni Rimâne. They are also called Oulahca[10][11]
The Koumia tribe[12] lived in the Trara Mountains,[13] near Nedroma. Remarkable for their bravery, they became one of the most powerful tribes of the Almohads thanks to their exploits.[14][15][16][17]