Tripartite symbiosis
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Fungus-growing ants
Ants of Attini cultivate fungi. Microfungi, specialized to be parasites of the fungus gardens, coevolved with them.[1]
Allomerus-Hirtella-Trimmatostroma
Allomerus decemarticulatus ants use Trimmatostroma sp. to create structures within Hirtella physophora.[2][3] The fungi are connected endophytically and actively transfer nitrogen.[4]
