Tropical Storm Debby (1994)

When the first advisory was issued for Debby, the governments of Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, and Dominica issued tropical storm warnings.^[6] In addition, the Saint Lucia Meteorological Service issued a flood warning before Debby developed.^[7] Although the NHC recommended a tropical storm warning to be issued in Martinique, government officials there issued a heavy rain warning instead.^[8] Debby first affected Barbados as it passed the island to the north, producing winds of 27 mph (43 km/h).^[6] In Saint Vincent to the southwest of Barbados, there was minor roof damage. In Dominica to the north, the storm damaged roads and caused power outages.^[9] Across Dominica, the combination of winds and heavy rains damaged 2,800 acres of bananas, 143 acres of plantains, 355 acres of root crops, and 355 acres of tree crops. Damage to crops and fisheries were estimated at EC$30 million ($12 million 1994 USD).^[10] After the storm, Windward Islands Crop Insurance (WINCROP) paid 2189 claims in the country, amounting to EC$1.6 million ($660,000 1994 USD).^[11]

Tropical Storm Debby struck Saint Lucia, and wind gusts on the island reached 46 mph (74 km/h) in Vigie.^[6] Damage throughout Debby's path was heaviest on this island,^[12] and the storm affected most of Saint Lucia. Debby produced heavy rainfall and thunderstorms over a six-hour period, which caused flooding along rivers and in low-lying areas.^[7] High rainfall totals wrecked houses on hillsides,^[12] forcing about 150 people to evacuate to shelters.^[9] Roadways were washed out or covered by landslides,^[12] and 10 bridges were destroyed or severely damaged.^[7] This limited access to villages across the island.^[9] Landslides also affected the town of Fond Saint-Jacques. Heavy rains covered Hewanorra International Airport with 2 in (51 mm) of silt, and in Anse La Raye, floods reached waist-deep levels.^[12] In that town, residents had to be rescued by boat.^[13] The storm damaged about half of the banana plantations on the island.^[12] Several towns lost access to their water supplies, which prompted the governments of Martinique and Saint Vincent to provide fresh water to the country.^[9] Overall, there were 24 injuries and 4 deaths across Saint Lucia; all of the deaths were from two landslides.^[12] During the storm, nine prisoners escaped the jail in Castries, and there were also reports of looting.^[13] In the capital city of Castries, the storm damaged a ward of an evacuated hospital; it had been scheduled for reconstruction, and the effects from Debby provided a new assessment for the rebuilding.^[14] Damage on Saint Lucia was estimated at EC$250 million ($103 million 1994 USD).^[7] After the storm, WINCROP paid 5,802 claims for insured crop damage in the country, totaling EC$7.8 million ($3.2 million 1994 USD). As of 2008, Debby was the largest event in WINCROP's 20-year history of insurance claims for disasters.^[11] The Saint Lucia government responded to the damage from Debby by repairing damaged buildings and bridges, diversifying crops, and removing silt from major rivers.^[15]

While Debby was moving across Saint Lucia, a station in Le Vauclin in southeastern Martinique reported 10 minute sustained winds of 64 mph (103 km/h), with a gust to 97 mph (156 km/h); the observation provided the basis for Debby's peak intensity.^[5] When the storm was active, however, the strongest winds known at the time were a 10-minute wind of 35 mph (56 km/h), and a gust of 58 mph (93 km/h) at Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport.^[12] About half of the island experienced 4 in (100 mm) of precipitation, and the highest rainfall total on the island was 7.24 in (184 mm) in Saint-Joseph.^[5] High rains caused flooding across the island,^[12] and one woman drowned when a flooded river washed away her car.^[13] High winds downed trees and covered some roads, and there was damage to the banana crop. About 20,000 people lost power during the storm.^[12]

When Debby was still active, a NASA satellite fired lasers at the storm to measure cloud heights, the first such experiment.^[16] As Debby moved into the Caribbean Sea, a tropical storm warning was issued for Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.^[6] High winds spread across Puerto Rico; Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport reported a peak wind gust of 44 mph (71 km/h). The winds downed trees and power lines across the island and caused isolated roof and house damage. High seas entered several coastal homes and prevented ferry passage from Culebra. In Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, high waves swept away two men fishing from the coast; one was injured and the other was killed.^[17] Later, a tropical storm warning was issued for the southern coasts of the Dominican Republic and Haiti.^[6] After Debby dissipated, its remnants maintained strong winds, and a station in the Dominican Republic reported a gust of 62 mph (100 km/h) on September 11.^[5] The storm downed power lines, leaving hundreds of homes without electricity and contributing to three deaths. An expressway and some rivers also flooded in the country.^[12][18]

• Other storms of the same name
• Tropical Storm Erika (2015) – followed a similar track