Tuinbouwschool Huis te Lande
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The Tuinbouwschool Huis te Lande was a horticultural school in Rijswijk, Netherlands, founded in 1907 by Jacoba Hingst. It was the first and only horticultural school for girls and women in the Netherlands to give girls the opportunity to learn how to grow flowers, fruits and vegetables, as the existing horticultural schools of that time were not accessible to them.[1]
After Jacoba Hingst, who was originally wealthy, studied biology and received a teaching diploma in zoology and botany in 1904, she bought more than three hectares of land in the municipality of Rijswijk.[1] She had a villa built by the architects Samuel de Clercq and Jan Gratama as a horticultural school for girls, since the horticultural schools in Lisse, Aalsmeer and Frederiksoord in the province of Drenthe were only attended by boys.[2] The school began operations in 1907 with two students and remained a small attendance for the following years.[3]
The annual tuition fee was the then considerable sum of 300 guilders.[1] The school was originally intended for students, most of whom came from the upper middle class, and was aimed primarily at the future wives of notaries, doctors, priests and judges, whom Hingst wanted to train in home gardening.[4] After the loss of the second teacher Cornelia Pompe in 1911 and death in 1913, Hingst founded the horticultural foundation "Huis te Lande" in 1914 to secure financial support for the school. She gained scientists such as Johanna Westerdijk as foundation members. The new board of seven people ran the school. Jacoba Hingst joined the foundation as director, and also ran the secretariat and used all of her own assets for the school.[3]
In 1915, the number of students rose sharply, with eleven students in the first grade and two in the second grade, as the war-related border closures in the neutral Netherlands made it less easy for upper-class daughters to be sent abroad. When admitted, they had to be at least seventeen years old and had to have knowledge of foreign languages and chemistry.[5] The school adapted to the circumstances and offered boarding places for 700 guilders annually.[3] After years of effort, the board, led by Jacoba Hingst, managed to receive a state subsidy for "Huis te Lande" from the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Trade starting in 1921. From 1922, salaries were guaranteed by the ministry and seven years later they were equalized to those in industrial training. As a requirement, the ministry also ordered that tuition fees be adjusted to the parents' income. From 1934 the diploma from "Huis te Lande" was recognized by the ministry.[3] Over time, the school changed from an elite private school to a comprehensive school for all,[1] which was open to girls from an agricultural background or the working class.[2]
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On the 25th anniversary of "Huis te Lande" in 1932, Jacoba Hingst was honored as a Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau. She resigned as director in 1937 and resigned from her position as secretary of the board of directors in 1945. During the Second World War and the occupation, school operations were initially maintained under certain conditions and restrictions. On 19 May 1944, the Wehrmacht confiscated the main building and the school had to close. In September 1945, classes resumed with fifty students.[6] In 1947 the board renamed the foundation to "Jacoba Hingst Stichting".[3]
From 1985 boys were also admitted. The school has been part of the Wellantcollege in Rijswijk since 2000. In the first 75 years since its founding, the school only had three directors: Jacoba Hingst until 1937, Erna Casparé from 1937 to 1963 and Ant Post from 1963 to 1983.[1] This was followed by Marjolijn Pouw as head of the school from 1983 to 1991, Peter Kraaijeveld until 2006 and Maarten Guichelaar was his successor.[4]
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