Following his return to Turkey Göle worked at various public institutions, including the General Directorate of Security.[1] Then he served as the district governor of Hafik (18 October 1943–17 February 1944),[3] Çubuk, Gündoğmuş and Gölbaşı.[1] From 1953 he worked as a freelance lawyer. Next he was elected as a deputy from the CHP representing Kars and served at Parliament during the X. term between 2 May 1954 and 1 November 1957.[1] He also won his seat from Kars serving at the Parliament's XI. term from 1 November 1957 to 27 May 1960.[1] Göle was one of the signatories of a declaration issued on 4 September 1957 which demanded the detailed inclusion of the fundamental rights and freedoms in the constitution, the establishment of a Constitutional Court and the adoption of the bicameral system.[4] The other signatories of the statement included İsmet İnönü, Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu, Fuat Arna, Kasım Gülek, Enver Güreli, Ahmet Bilgin, İbrahim Öktem and Nurettin Ardıçoğlu.[4]
Göle was a member of the Turkish Group at the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe for two terms from 29 April 1957 to 1 May 1958 and from 19 September 1962 to 1 May 1963.[5]
Following the military coup on 27 May 1960 the rule of the Democrat Party ended, and a Constituent Assembly was formed. Göle was made a member of the Assembly on 6 January 1961 and held the post until 25 October 1961.[1] He was elected as a senator for the CHP in October 1961 from Kars and served at the Senate until 7 June 1964.[1] He was expelled from the party for one year in 1963 due to his alleged contact with Talat Aydemir who was the leader of a failed military coup.[6][7] In the same incident other CHP politicians, including Nihat Erim, Avni Doğan and Kasım Gülek, were also expelled from the party.[6]
In the general election of 1965 Göle was again elected as a deputy for the CHP from Kars. He left the CHP in 1967 and was involved in the establishment of the Republican Reliance Party led by Turhan Feyzioğlu.[1] Göle was elected as a member of the party's administrative board in the second congress held in Ankara on 28 October 1970.[8]