Turks in Hungary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| "Ottoman Turkish": 1,565 (2001 census)[1] "Bulgarian-Turkish": 91 (2001 census)[1] Turkish citizens: 2,500 (2015 est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Budapest, Pécs, Siklós | |
| Languages | |
| Turkish · Hungarian | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Islam |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Turkish people |
|---|
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The Turks in Hungary, also referred to as Turkish Hungarians and Hungarian Turks, (Hungarian: Magyarországi törökök, Turkish: Macaristan Türkleri) refers to ethnic Turks living in Hungary.
Much of the Turkish population in Hungary stems from the country’s centuries-long history with the Ottoman Empire,[2][3][4] particularly during the Ottoman conquest and rule in Hungary (1521-1718).[5][6] At its height, the Ottoman Empire occupied almost all of the area of present-day Hungary.[7][5][6] It even briefly incorporated most of present-day Slovakia (historically within the Kingdom of Hungary) as a vassal state. A second wave of Ottoman-Turkish migration occurred in the late 19th century when relations between the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary improved; most of these immigrants settled in Budapest.[8] Moreover, there has also been a recent migration of Turks from the Republic of Turkey, as well as other post-Ottoman states (such as Bulgaria).[9]
Culture
Language
Most Hungarian Turks are bilingual and can speak both Turkish and Hungarian. Moreover, due to the Ottoman rule during the 16th-17th centuries, the Turkish language has also influenced greater Hungarian society; today, there are still numerous Turkish loanwords in the Hungarian language.[10]
| Turkish | Hungarian | English |
|---|---|---|
| Cebimde çok küçük elma var[11] | Zsebemben sok kicsi alma van[11] | I have many small apples in my pocket |
Religion
The Turkish people, alongside the Arabs, make up the majority of the Muslim population in Hungary.[12] Several Ottoman-Turkish historical mosques are used by the Muslim community, including the Yakovali Hassan Pasha Mosque in Pécs, and the Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos.[13]
The Eger minaret.
Mosque of Pasha Qasim in Pécs (now a church).
Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos
Yakovali Hassan Mosque in Pécs
Population
According to the 2001 census, 2,711 inhabitants declared their language under the "Turkish language family", of which, the majority (57.73%) stated that they belonged to the "Ottoman Turkish" ethnicity (1,565).[1] Furthermore, 12 individuals declared to be "Turk" and 91 "Romanian-Turkish" (see Turks of Romania); the rest declared other Turkic ethnicities.[1] In the 2011 census 5,209 inhabitants declared themselves under "Török nyelvek" ("Turkish languages"); however, the publication does not show the distinction between different Turkic groups.[14]
In addition, there is also approximately 2,500 recent Turkish immigrants from Turkey living in Hungary.[15]
Organizations and associations
In 2005 the Turkish community, alongside ethnic Hungarian Muslims, established "The Dialogue Platform".[16] By 2012, a new Turkish cultural association the "Gül Baba Turkish-Hungarian Cultural Association" was established in Szentendre, near Budapest.[16]
