Thoothukudi district
District of Tamil Nadu in India
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Thoothukkudi district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, a state in India. On 20 October 1986, the government led by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) bifurcated the Tirunelveli district to create this district. It shares its boundaries with the Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, and Virudhunagar districts, as well as the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal. The shape of the district resembles a mini India, being broad in the north and tapering towards the south. Thoothukkudi serves as the headquarters and is the largest city in the district.[2]
Thoothukkudi district | |
|---|---|
      Clockwise from the top V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority, Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Pearl Oyster of Pearl City, Thoothukkudi Thermal Power Station, Salt Pans in Thoothukkudi, Thoothukudi Airport, and Tiruchendur Subramania Swamy Temple | |
 Thoothukkudi district Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Coordinates: 8°54′N 77°59′E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Established | 20 October 1986 |
| Founded by | M. G. Ramachandran |
| Headquarters | Thoothukkudi |
| Talukas | Thoothukkudi, Srivaikuntam, Tiruchendur, Sathankulam, Eral, Kovilpatti, Ettayapuram, Vilathikulam, Ottapidaram, and Kayathar |
| Government | |
| • Type | District Administration |
| • Body | Thoothukudi District Collectorate |
| • District Collector | Vishu Mahajan, I.A.S. |
| • Superintendent of Police | Abhishek Gupta, I.P.S. |
| • District Revenue Officer | M. Guruchandran |
| • Additional Collector and Project Director (DRDA) | R. Ishwarya, I.A.S. |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,707 km2 (1,817 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 8 |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,750,176 |
| • Rank | 18 |
| • Density | 372/km2 (960/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 628xxx |
| Telephone code | 0461 |
| ISO 3166 code | ISO 3166-2:IN-TN |
| Vehicle registration | TN-69, TN-92, TN-96[1] |
| Website | thoothukudi |
Overview
History
On 20 October 1986, a new district carved out of the erstwhile Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. It was named after V. O. Chidambaranar, a prominent national leader from Ottapidaram who played a significant role in the Swadeshi Movement in southern India. Since 1997, this district has also been referred to by the name of its headquarters city, Thoothukkudi, similar to other districts in Tamil Nadu.
Origin of the name of the district
The origin of the name Thoothukkudi is that, being a coastal town, the people used to tap drinking water by digging small ponds (oothu in Tamil), and Oothukudi, meaning dig pond and drink, became corrupted into Thoothukkudi. Ptolemy refers to this as SosiKorai. Certain scholars postulate that Sosikorai became corrupted into Thoothukkudi. Tuticorin is the anglicised corruption of Thoothukkudi. From 1760 to 1998, the name of the town found in official records was Tuticorin. In 1998, the government of Tamil Nadu directed to call it Thoothukkudi both in Tamil and English.
Geography
Thoothukkudi district is situated in the south-eastern corner of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded by the districts of Tenkasi on the northwest, Tirunelveli on the southwest, Ramanathapuram on the northeast, Virudhunagar on the north, and the Gulf of Mannar in the Bay of Bengal on the east. The total area of the district is 4,707 km2 (1,817 sq mi).
Water Resources
The Thamirabarani River, which rises in Agasthyamalai of the Western Ghats, flows through Srivaikuntam and Tiruchendur taluks and joins the sea at Punnaikayal. Pambayaru and Manimutharu are the chief tributaries of Thamirabarani, which pass through the district. Thamirabarani and Manimutharu are the catchment areas of river basins, which have their place of origin in the Pothigai. The former has a length of 120 km, and the latter has a length of 98 km. Papanasam Dam, Manimuthar Dam, and Eppodumvendran Dam are the major dams built in the district.
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 705,534 | — |
| 1911 | 762,625 | +0.78% |
| 1921 | 787,166 | +0.32% |
| 1931 | 840,656 | +0.66% |
| 1941 | 910,729 | +0.80% |
| 1951 | 957,735 | +0.50% |
| 1961 | 1,052,970 | +0.95% |
| 1971 | 1,228,295 | +1.55% |
| 1981 | 1,370,289 | +1.10% |
| 1991 | 1,475,872 | +0.75% |
| 2001 | 1,592,769 | +0.77% |
| 2011 | 1,750,176 | +0.95% |
| source:[3] | ||
According to a 2011 census, the Thoothukudi district had a population of 1,750,176, with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[5] A total of 183,763 were under the age of six, constituting 93,605 males and 90,158 females.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 19.88% and 0.28% of the population, respectively, mostly in Ottapidaram. The average literacy of the district was 77.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. 50.10% of the population lived in urban areas.[5] The district had a total of 462,010 households. There were a total of 748,095 workers, comprising 44,633 cultivators, 161,418 main agricultural labourers, 17,872 in house hold industries, 433,524 other workers, 90,648 marginal workers, 3,882 marginal cultivators, 39,226 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,991 marginal workers in household industries and 42,549 other marginal workers.[5]
At the time of the 2011 census, 98.97% of the population spoke Tamil and 0.54% Telugu as their first language.[6]
Administrative divisions
Thoothukudi District is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks.[7] There are forty-one revenue firkas and 480 revenue villages.[8]
The district is divided into twelve revenue blocks for rural and urban development. The twelve revenue blocks are Thoothukudi, Tiruchendur, Udangudi, Sathankulam, Thiruvaikundam, Alwarthirunagari, Karunkulam, Ottapidaram, Kovilpatti, Kayathar, Vilathikulam, and Pudur. The district has one municipal corporation: Thoothukudi; three municipalities: Kayalpattinam, Kovilpatti and Tiruchendur; eighteen town panchayats: Alwarthirunagiri, Arumuganeri, Athur, Eral, Ettayapuram, Kadambur, Kalugumalai, Kanam, Kayatharu, Nazerath, Perungulam, Sathankulam, Sayapuram, Srivaikuntam, Thenthiruperai, Udangudi, V. Pudur and Vilathikulam[9] and 403 panchayat villages.[10]
Administrative Setup
Revenue Administration
| Revenue | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions | Taluks | Firkas | No. of Villages |
| Thoothukkudi | Thoothukkudi | Keelathattapparai | 33 |
| Mudivaithanendal | |||
| Pudukottai | |||
| Thoothukkudi | |||
| Srivaikuntam | Deivaseyalpuram | 46 | |
| Seydunganallur | |||
| Srivaikuntam | |||
| Vallanadu | |||
| Tiruchendur | Tiruchendur | Authoor | 36 |
| Tiruchendur | |||
| Udangudi | |||
| Sathankulam | Pallakurichi | 25 | |
| Sathankulam | |||
| Srivenkateshwarapuram | |||
| Eral | Alwarthirunagiri | 45 | |
| Arumugamangalam | |||
| Perungulam | |||
| Kovilpatti | Kovilpatti | Ilayarasanendal | 33 |
| Kalugumalai | |||
| Kovilpatti | |||
| Ettayapuram | Cholapuram | 56 | |
| Ettayapuram | |||
| Kadalaiyur | |||
| Muthulapuram | |||
| Padarnthapuli | |||
| Vilathikulam | Kadalkudi | 89 | |
| Kulathur | |||
| Pudur | |||
| Sivagnanapuram | |||
| Vembar | |||
| Vilathikulam | |||
| Ottapidaram | Eppodumvendran | 63 | |
| Maniyachi | |||
| Ottapidaram | |||
| Parivillikottai | |||
| Pasuvanthanai | |||
| Vedanatham | |||
| Kayathar | Chettikurichi | 54 | |
| Kadambur | |||
| Kamanayakkanpatti | |||
| Kayathar | |||
Local Bodies Administration
| Municipal Corporation (1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | Date of formation | No. of wards | |
| 1 | Thoothukkudi City Municipal Corporation | 5 August 2008 | 60 | |
| Municipality (3) | ||||
| No. | Name | Date of formation | No. of wards | |
| 1 | Kayalpattinam Municipality | 11 June 2004 | 18 | |
| 2 | Kovilpatti Municipality | 28 May 1998 | 36 | |
| 3 | Tiruchendur Municipality | 11 September 2021 | 27 | |
| Town Panchayat (18) | ||||
| Alwarthirunagari, Arumuganeri, Authoor, Eral, Ettayapuram, Kadambur, Kalugumalai, Kanam, Kayathar, Nazareth, Perungulam, Sathankulam, Sawyerpuram, Srivaikuntam, Thenthiruperai, Udangudi, V. Pudur, Vilathikulam | ||||
Elected Representatives
Lok Sabha Constituency
| No. | Constituency number | Constituency name | Reserved for | Elected member | Political party | Alliance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36 | Thoothukkudi | General | Kanimozhi Karunanidhi | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | None | ||
Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituencies
| No. | Name | Reserved for | Elected member | Party | Alliance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 213 | Vilathikulam | General | G. V. Markandayan | DMK | SPA | ||
| 214 | Thoothukkudi | Srinath | TVK | TVK+ | |||
| 215 | Tiruchendur | Anitha R. Radhakrishnan | DMK | SPA | |||
| 216 | Srivaikuntam | G. Saravanan | TVK | TVK+ | |||
| 217 | Ottapidaram | SC | P. Mathanraja | ||||
| 218 | Kovilpatti | General | K. Karunanithi | DMK | SPA | ||
Economy
The V. O. Chidambaranar Port contributes majorly to the economy of the district besides providing employment. Thoothukudi hosts industries such as SPIC, Thoothukudi alkaline chemicals, DCW zirconium plant and numerous salt packing companies. Many coal based power plants are at various stages of commissioning. Kovilpatti consists of many small sized industry especially match stick industries.
Agriculture
Paddy is the most cultivated crop in most of the villages like Uzhakkudi, Vallanadu, Aarumugamangalam, Palayakayal, Thiruvaikundam, Sattankulam and Tiruchendur taluks. Cumbu, Cholam, Kuthiraivali and other pulses are raised in the dry tracts of Kovilpatti, Vilathikulam, Nagalapuram Ottapidaram, and Thoothukudi taluks. Cotton is cultivated in Kovilpatti, Ottapidaram and Thoothukudi Taluks. Groundnut cultivation is undertaken in Kovilpatti, Tiruchendur, and Sattankulam taluks. Groundnut cake is being used as manure and cattle feed. Nagalapuram makes its economy to be solely dependent agriculture. Sugarcane and Plantain (Banana) are cultivated on a large scale along the stretch of Uzhakkudi. Banana and Beetel cultivation is more prominent in villages like Aarumugamanagalam and Yeral. Also vegetables like tomato, chillies, brinjal, lady's finger, beans are cultivated in village of Uzhakkudi. Summers are made use to cultivate cotton on a smaller scale. Main business of this area is dry chilly, cholam, cumbu, wood charcoal, etc. With 35% share, the district is the top producer of Cumbu in Tamil Nadu.[11] Palmyrah trees are grown mostly in Tiruchendur, Srivaikundam, Sattankulam and Vilathikulam taluks. Jaggery is produced from palmyrah juice; the production of jaggery is the main occupation of the people of Tiruchendur and Sattankulam taluks. Banana and other vegetables are raised in Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluks.
Salt production
The district constitutes 70 percent of the total salt production of Tamil Nadu and 30 percent of that of India. Tamil Nadu is the second largest producer of salt in India next to Gujarat.
Transport
National Highway 45B, 7A and State Highways SH-32,33,40,44,75,76,77,93,176 connect to other parts of the State. Government buses connect the district with other parts of state. Thoothukudi and Kovilpatti railway station are the major stations of Indian Railways. V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in the district was declared as the tenth major seaport in India also provides container services. Thoothukudi Airport is situated at Vaigaikulam and currently has flights to and from Chennai and Bengaluru.
Spaceport
The Government of India is to set up a new Rocket launch pad near Kulasekaranpattinam in Thoothukudi district. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work on its second Rocket launching pad or Spaceport, which will be Kulasekaranpattinam, Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu. Like the Sriharikota spaceport in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Thoothukudi was selected as a spaceport due to its nearness to the equator. "A rocket launch site should be on the east coast and near the equator. And Thoothukudi district satisfies that condition", a former ISRO official stated.[12]
Education
There are numerous educational institutions, colleges, schools providing education. The Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam was established in 1984–85 as the third constituent College of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.[13]
