UGC 10143
Massive elliptical galaxy in the constellation Hercules
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UGC 10143 also known as Abell 2147 BCG, is a supergiant elliptical galaxy, luminous infrared galaxy, active galaxy, radio galaxy, and brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation of Hercules.[1][2] The galaxy is 537 million light years (or 164,710,000 parsecs) away at a spectroscopic redshift of 0.03535.[1][2] The galaxy has an apparent B magnitude of 14.9, and it can be observed both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.[1] UGC 10143 is the brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 2147[1], which is a B-M class III galaxy cluster. The galaxy was discovered in 1959 by Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov's catalogue of interacting galaxies.[3]
| UGC 10143 | |
|---|---|
Hubble Space Telescope image of UGC 10143 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Hercules |
| Right ascension | 16h 02m 17.03s |
| Declination | 15° 59' 59.94" |
| Redshift | 0.03535 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 10410 |
| Distance | 537.2 million ly (164.71 million pc) |
| Group or cluster | Abell 2147 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 14.9 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | cD |
| Mass | 1.514 trillion M☉ |
| Size | 312,600 ly (95,830 pc) |
| Other designations | |
| Z 108-73, Abell 2147 BCG, VV 159, Arp 324, LEDA 56784 | |
Characteristics
UGC 10143 is a large, massive supergiant elliptical galaxy in the galaxy cluster, Abell 2147.[1] The galaxy has a total diameter of 313,000 light years (or 95,830 parsecs), or roughly three times larger than the Milky Way.[2] The size was estimated using intermediate surface brightness (POSS1 103a-O) angular diameter of 2 arcmin, and a mean redshift-independent distance of 537 million light years away (or 164,710,000 parsecs).[2]
UGC 10143 is predicted to be extremely massive, having a dynamical stellar mass of 1.51 trillion M☉ (or 1012.18).[4] The galaxy is one of the most massive known in the universe, and is roughly seven times more massive than the stellar mass of the Milky Way.[4]
UGC 10143 is classified as a luminous infrared galaxy, due to the galaxy having an intrinsic K-band luminosity of 224 billion L☉ (or 1011.35).[5]
UGC 10143 has an estimated star-formation rate of 1.06 M☉, typical for low-star forming, and gas poor elliptical galaxies.[6]
The galactic center of UGC 10143 has an active galactic nucleus (also known as an AGN), which is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that is extremely luminous and energetic.[7] The active galactic nucleus is powered by an extremely massive, accreting ultramassive black hole (also referred as a UMBH) with a core-break radius derived mass of 26.3 +46.1
−16.8 billion M☉ (or 1010.42 ± 0.44) (with the range being 9.5 billion M☉ to 72.4 billion M☉).[8] However, there are lower mass estimates for the central black hole of 891 +1,453
−552 million M☉ (108.95 ± 0.42), and 8.51 +12.87
−5.12 billion M☉ (109.93 ± 0.40), but these were calculated using velocity dispersion, and luminosity, which usually leads to underestimated masses.
UGC 10143 has a large population of over 35,000 globular clusters with their brightness, and metal contents measured, which was discovered using data from the Hubble Space Telescope in a survey of star clusters in brightest cluster galaxies.[9] The total mass of all of the 35,000 globular clusters is 5.13 billion M☉.[10]
UGC 10143 is interacting with two different galaxies designated Z 108-70, and Z 108-71.[3] These three galaxies were first noted to be interacting galaxies in 1959 in Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov's catalogue of interacting galaxies.[3] These galaxies are also considered to be a chain of galaxies by Halton Arp in his atlas of peculiar galaxies.[11]
X-ray source
One x-ray source has been discovered in UGC 10143: 2CXO J160218.2+155912, which is classified as a ultraluminous x-ray source, and it was first found in 2022 in a survey of ULX candidates[12] The x-ray source has a total luminosity of 4 million L☉, equivalent to 1.535*1040 erg/s.[12]
Supernova
One supernova has been identified in UGC 10143: SN 2010ad was discovered at magnituide 16 on February 19, 2010 by the Lick Observatory.[13] It was classified as a weak hydrogen line Type II supernova (abbreviated as SNIIb), and is believed to be similar to other supernovae such as SN 1993J.[14] The progenitors of weak hydrogen line Type II supernovae are usually massive stars between 8 M☉ and 50 M☉, or interacting binary stars. (SN 2010ad may actually be hosted by the neighboring galaxy, Z 108-71[15]).
See also
- Abell 2147, the galaxy's host cluster.
- A2261-BCG, another brightest cluster galaxy.
- ESO 383-76, hosts a similar mass central black hole.
- Holmberg 15A, similar sized type-cD galaxy.
- List of galaxies with richest globular cluster systems, includes UGC 10143.