Ulumandaʼ language
Language spoken on Sulawesi, Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ulumandaʼ is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is nearly intelligible with other Pitu Ulunna Salu languages,[2] but Ulumanda’ is distinguished by an unusual series of front vowels.
-
Malayo-Polynesian
- South Sulawesi
- Northern
- Pitu Ulunna Salu
- Ulumandaʼ
- Pitu Ulunna Salu
- Northern
- South Sulawesi
| Ulumandaʼ | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (30,000 cited 1986)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ulm |
| Glottolog | ulum1237 |
Phonology
The vowel inventory of Ulumandaʼ is as follows:[3]
The attested consonant inventory is as follows:
Vowel harmony
Ulumandaʼ is unusual among the Austronesian languages of Sulawesi for featuring a vowel harmony opposition of front vowels /æ, ø, y/ to corresponding back vowels /ɑ, o, u/ comparable to that of the Uralic languages. Originally, fronted vowels arose from the fronting of back vowels before syllable-final velar consonants *k and *ŋ, but were phonemicized in final syllables when word-final *-m and *-n merged with *ŋ to result in -ŋ but did not front a preceding back vowel unlike original *-ŋ. These fronted vowels then fronted any other back vowels in a word except if a neutral vowel like *e or *i intervened between the vowels. Unlike the Uralic languages, the vowel harmony is regressive instead of progressive.
A contrastive pair includes /uraŋ/ "person" vs. /uræŋ/ [yræŋ] "shrimp".
.jpg){kind=small}