Una-class submarine

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Built19851989
Completed6
Displacement
  • 76.1 tonnes (74.9 long tons) (surfaced)
  • 87.6 tonnes (86.2 long tons) (submerged)
Restored Zeta (P-913) exhibited at the Pivka Military History Park in Slovenia.
Class overview
BuildersBrodogradilište specijalnih objekata (BSO), Split, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia
Built19851989
Completed6
General characteristics
Displacement
  • 76.1 tonnes (74.9 long tons) (surfaced)
  • 87.6 tonnes (86.2 long tons) (submerged)
Length18.82 m (61 ft 9 in)
Beam2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Draught2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Depth120 m (390 ft)
Propulsion2 × 18 kW (24 hp) electric motor
Speed
  • 7 kn (13 km/h; 8 mph) (surfaced)
  • 8 knots (15 km/h; 9 mph) (submerged)
Range250–270 nmi (463–500 km; 288–311 mi) at 3 knots (6 km/h; 3 mph)
Endurance96160 hours (depending on number of personnel onboard)
Complement4 + 6 naval commandos
Armament

The Una-class submarine (also known as Type 911) was a class of six midget submarines built for the Yugoslav Navy at the Brodogradilište specijalnih objekata (English: Special objects shipyard) during the 1980s. They were designed with the purpose of laying small minefields and transporting naval special forces, with or without their submersibles, in shallow waters that were inaccessible for larger submarines. Due to their mission profile that called for a small design as well as the need to stay undetected, they lacked torpedo armament and a generator for battery recharging.

During the Croatian War of Independence and the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, five of the six boats were relocated to Boka Kotorska where they served with the SR Yugoslav Navy. One, Soča (P-914), was captured in drydock by Croatian forces. It was later modified and entered service with the Croatian Navy as Velebit (P-01). All of the boats have since been decommissioned.

During the 1970s the Brodarski Institute (BI) from Zagreb started working on a new class of submarines for the Yugoslav Navy (JRM). The project, designated B-91 and led by Lieutenant Colonel Davorin Kajić, was tasked with developing a class of midget submarines capable of operating in the shallow waters of the northern Adriatic. Using their small dimensions, the submarines were to be able to maneuver in depths as shallow as 10 metres (33 ft); such abilities were needed to conduct offensive minelaying near the enemy coastline, reconnaissance, and transporting naval special forces in hostile waters.[1][2]

All six boats were completed from 1985 to 1989 at the Brodogradilište Specijalnih Objekata (BSO) in Split, SR Croatia and named after rivers in SFR Yugoslavia: Tisa (P-911), Una (P-912), Zeta (P-913), Soča (P-914), Kupa (P-915) and Vardar (P-916).[3] Further planned improvements included the addition of a Stirling engine, either by refitting the existing boats or building a new, seventh one, but the imminent breakup of Yugoslavia happened before anything was realized.[1]

Description

Interior of Zeta (P-913) after renovation

The Una class featured a single-hulled design, measuring 18.82 m (61 ft 9 in) in length with an average draught of 2.4 m (7.9 ft). The boats displaced 76.1 tonnes (74.9 long tons) when surfaced and 87.6 tonnes (86.2 long tons) when submerged. Because deploying naval commandos was one of their main tasks, they were equipped with an underwater exit/re-entry chamber.[4][5]

Propulsion consisted of two 18-kilowatt (24 hp) electric motors, mounted on a single shaft and powered by two battery groups with 128 cells each. The class lacked the ability to recharge during surface drive making them dependent on external power sources such as harbours and depot ships. Maximum achievable speed was 8 knots (15 km/h; 9 mph) underwater and 7 knots (13 km/h; 8 mph) surfaced. Traveling at a speed of 3 knots (6 km/h; 3 mph) they had a range of 250–270 nautical miles (460–500 km; 290–310 mi).[1][5] Maximum diving depth was 120 m (390 ft).[5] The sensor suite included an active/passive Krupp Atlas sonar.[6][4]

In accordance with their expected mission, the boats could transport up to six naval commandos armed with 612 M-66 or M-71 limpet mines. Also at their disposal were four large AIM-70/71 bottom mines mounted on the outside of the submarines. Four R-1 swimmer delivery vehicles could be carried in place of the AIM-70/71 mines. With a full crew of six members the boats had an underwater endurance of 160 hours which was reduced to 96 hours if the complement numbered ten personnel (four crew members and six naval commandos).[5][1]

Boats

Name Pennant number[7] Namesake Builder[3] Completed[3] Decommissioned[8] Fate
Tisa P-911 Tisa Brodogradilište specijalnih objekata,
Split, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia
1985 1997/2001 extant; to be donated to the Museum of Science and Technology in Belgrade, Serbia.[9] The submarine was delivered to Belgrade in June 2018.[10]
Una P-912 Una 1986 1997/2001 extant; Porto Montenegro Museum, Montenegro.[11]
Zeta P-913 Zeta 1987 2005 extant; Pivka Park of Military History, Slovenia.[12]
Soča P-914 Soča 1987 2001/2005 extant; to be donated to a museum[13]
Kupa P-915 Kupa 1989 2003 scrapped in 2008[14]
Vardar P-916 Vardar 1989 2005 fate unknown

History

Notes

References

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