United States Baseball League

In March 1912, organizers of the proposed league – described by members of the sports establishment as an "outlaw league" – met in New York's Hotel Imperial.^[1] The U.S. Baseball League subsequently organized teams in Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New York, Reading, Pennsylvania; Richmond, Virginia; and Washington, D.C.^[2] The league president was William Witmann.^[3]

Sports historian Rudolf K. Haerle observed that the U.S. Baseball League "stressed the inherent 'good' of baseball for all individuals and communities, and indicated that it wished to conduct its business in the accepted capitalist style–free competition in the marketplace".^[2] Despite these lofty ambitions, the league quickly incurred the scorn and hostility of the baseball establishment.^[2] Additionally burdened with weak leadership, limited financing, poor attendance, and a lack of skillful players, the U.S. Baseball League "folded after about one month of action".^[2]

Many sports historians view the U.S. Baseball League as "a major precursor to the Federal League of 1914–1915".^[2] The Federal League, which was the last independent major league, was financed by magnates including oil "baron" Harry F. Sinclair.^[4]

Green Sox

Pippins

Forest City

Knickerbockers

Filipinos

Reading

Rebels

Senators

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USBL teams

• Chicago Green Sox
• Cincinnati Cams/Pippins
• Cleveland Forest City
• New York Knickerbockers
• Pittsburgh Filipinos
• Reading
• Richmond Rebels
• Washington Senators

The league's regular season began May 1, 1912 and ended June 5.^[2] The Richmond Times Dispatch released the intended 126-game USL schedule, to have run from April 8 through September 22.^[5]