CAF Urbos
Family of trams and light rail vehicles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The CAF Urbos is a family of trams, streetcars, and light rail vehicles built by CAF. As of 2026, over 1,900 Urbos trams operate in over 50 cities worldwide.[3] The Spanish manufacturer CAF previously made locomotives, passenger cars, regional, and underground trains. In 1993, CAF started building trams for Metrovalencia, with the delivery of 16 trams until 1999. This was a variant of a Siemens design and some components were delivered by Siemens, including bogies and traction motors. This design was also sold to Lisbon Trams in 1995; CAF then decided to design and build the Urbos in-house.
| CAF Urbos | |
|---|---|
Two Urbos 3 trams in Liège. | |
 The interior of an Urbos 3 in Budapest. | |
| Stock type | Tram/streetcar/light rail vehicle (LRV) |
| Manufacturer | Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) |
| Constructed | 2002–present |
| Capacity | 129-327 seated and standing total, depending on tram length |
| Specifications | |
| Train length | 18–56 m (59 ft 1 in – 183 ft 9 in) |
| Width | 2,300–2,650 mm (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in – 8 ft 8+5⁄16 in) |
| Floor height | 356 mm (14 in) |
| Low-floor | 70–100% |
| Doors | 8–20, depending on tram length |
| Articulated sections | 2–9[1] |
| Maximum speed | 70–80 kilometres per hour (43–50 mph) |
| Weight | 34,860 kg (76,850 lb) (3-car tram)[2] |
| Traction system | IGBT–VVVF |
| Electric systems | 600–750 V DC from overhead catenary Internal supercapacitor |
| Current collection | Pantograph |
| Bogies | fixed |
| Minimum turning radius | 18 metres (59 ft 1 in) (3-car tram) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge or 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge |
There are three generations of the CAF Urbos, namely the Urbos 1, Urbos 2, and Urbos 3. The first generation was ordered by the Bilbao tram operator, who received eight trams between 2002 and 2004. The second generation was sold to other operators in Spain, and the third generation is sold in Spain, elsewhere in Europe, the United States, Australia and in the UK. Manufacturing locations include Beasain, Zaragoza and Linares, Spain; Elmira, New York, USA; Hortolandia, Brazil; Newport, UK; Huehuetoca, Mexico; and Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France.[4]
Urbos 1
This series was only sold to Euskotren Tranbia to operate tram services in Bilbao.[5] The original Bilbao tram system was shut down in 1964 and the second generation opened in December 2002 with extensions in 2004.[6]
- Bilbao tram: 8 bidirectional trams, numbered 401–408[6] and locally designated the Euskotren 400 series. 70% low-floor trams with 3 bogies on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge.[7]
Urbos 2
In operation
| Location | City/System | Image | Entered service | Gauge | Car body construction | Quantity | Notes[citation needed] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | Bilbao tram and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram | .jpg) |
2008 | Metre | Aluminium | 11 | 3 units operate in Bilbao, while 8 operate in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Locally designated the Euskotren 500 series. |
| Seville Metro - Line 1 |  |
2009 | Standard | Steel | 21 | 5 units transferred from MetroCentro 3 units transferred from Sydney | |
| Turkey | AntRay (Antalya) |  |
Aluminium | 14[8] | Standard gauge variation of the Bilbao/Vitoria-Gasteiz version |
Withdrawn
| Location | City/System | Image | In service | Quantity | Notes[citation needed] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | Vélez-Málaga Tram |  |
2006–2012 | 3 | Transferred to Sydney in July 2013[9] |
| MetroCentro (Seville) |  |
2007–2011 | 5 | 4 units transferred to Metro line 1 1 unit transferred to Sydney | |
| Australia | L1 Dulwich Hill line (Sydney) | .jpg){kind=spacer} |
Mar–Jul 2014 | 4 | 1 unit transferred from Seville; 3 units transferred from Vélez-Màlaga[10]
Transferred to Seville Metro line 1 |
Urbos 3
The CAF Urbos 3 is the successor of the Urbos 2; all new sales are of Urbos 3. The standard variants, the Urbos 100 and Urbos 70, have either a 100% or 70% low floor design, respectively, and a maximum speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). The tram type is offered in metre gauge and standard gauge and allows for a tram width of 2,300, 2,400 or 2,650 mm (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in, 7 ft 10+1⁄2 in or 8 ft 8+5⁄16 in). Trams can be assembled from 3, 5, 7 or (only for the Urbos 100) 9 modules, with the length ranging between 23 and 56 metres (75 and 184 ft).[11]
CAF has developed an option to build 'Greentech Freedrive' lithium-ion supercapacitors and batteries into the Urbos 3,[12] allowing brief operation without an external electrical supply.[13] This ACR system (Acumulador de Carga Rápida) allowed the tramway operator in Seville to remove the overhead wires in key locations during Holy Week 2011.[14] It has also been used in Luxembourg, Granada, Zaragoza and the West Midlands.[15]
In 2024, a CAF Urbos fleet of 40 light rail trains were transported from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, in Brazil to Salvador, Bahia, following a deal to build the new Salvador LRT system (three lines, under construction), to replace an old suburban train and a failed Chinese BYD Skyrail project bid.[16] The deal followed a lawsuit agreement between the Brazilian state governments (Bahia and Mato Grosso) because the delays for the construction of the Cuiabá Light Rail were so significant that it was replaced by a BRT system in Cuiabá.
Urbos 100 / 100X
| Country | City/System | Image | Quantity | Order value | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | |||||
| Belgium | Antwerp | 58 | |||
| Coast Tram |  |
48[17] | Delivered 2020–2021[18] Name: Zeelijner | ||
| Ghent | 18 | ||||
| Liège |  |
20 | €360 million[19] | [20] | |
| France | Besançon |  |
19 | €34.4 million | [21] |
| Grenoble | 38[22] | Option for 9 more trams possible.[23] To be operational by 2028.[23][24] | |||
| Marseille | 15 | €57 million | [25][26][27]
First tram delivered in 2025,[28] in service since January 2026.[29] | ||
| Montpellier |  |
60 | €200 million | Option for 17 more trams possible.[30][31][32] In service since 2025.[33] | |
| Nantes |  |
8 | €22 million | Option for 4 more trams for €10 million[34] | |
| Saint-Étienne |  |
16[35] | In service since May 2017.[36] | ||
| Tours | 19[37] | N/A | To be operational by 2028[38][39] | ||
| Germany | Freiburg im Breisgau |  |
25[40][41] | [42][43][44] | |
| Hungary | Budapest | .jpg) |
124 (37+56+31) | €90 million | [45] |
| Debrecen |  |
18[46] | [47] | ||
| Italy | Bologna | 33[48] | €130 million | Option for 27 more trams possible.[48][49] | |
| Cagliari |  |
3[50] | €7.7 million | In service since 2018[51] | |
| Palermo | 23 | Option for 35 more trams possible.[52][53] | |||
| Rome | 80[54] | Total order possibilites up to 121 trams.[54] | |||
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg |  |
21 | €83.0 million | In service since 2017[55] |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam |  |
72[56] | Initial order was 63 in 2016.[57] In operation since January 2021.[58] | |
| Utrecht |  |
27 | [59] | ||
| 27 | [60][61] | ||||
| Norway | Oslo |  |
87 | kr 4.2 billion[62] | Locally designated as SL18. First two were delivered in 2020. In operation from January 2022, with trial period of 5 months.[63] Option for 60 more.[64] |
| Portugal | Lisbon |  |
15 | €43 million [65] | Delivery began in April 2023 and will be complete during 2024.[66] |
| Serbia | Belgrade |  |
30 | €70 million | [67] |
| Spain | Granada | 
|
13 | €43.9 million | Option for 4 more trams |
| Málaga |  |
14 | [68] | ||
| Seville |  |
5 | MetroCentro line, 1 reserved | ||
| Vitoria-Gasteiz |  |
7 | Locally designated the Euskotren 600 series. | ||
| 3+9 | [69][70] | ||||
| Zaragoza |  |
21 | [71] | ||
 |
2[72] | ||||
| Sweden | Lund |  |
7[73] | 297 million SEK[74] | In service since December 2020.[75] |
| United Kingdom | West Midlands (Birmingham) |  |
42[76] | £40 million | |
| Edinburgh | _(2).jpg) |
27 | [77] | ||
| North America | |||||
| Canada | Calgary | 28[78][79] | For use on the Green Line LRT. To be delivered in 2027.[80] Option for 24 additional LRVs possible.[81] | ||
| United States | Cincinnati |  |
5 | $25 million | [82] |
| Kansas City | .jpg) |
14[83][84] | |||
| Omaha | 6 | $54 million | For use on the Omaha Streetcar. Option for a further 29 trams.[85] To be operational by 2027.[86] | ||
| Seattle | 10 | $50 million | [87] Order was canceled in 2019 amid escalating cost projections for the planned new line for which they were intended.[88] | ||
| South America | |||||
| Brazil | Salvador |  |
40[89] | Originally built for the Cuiabá Light Rail (also in Brazil); later sold to Salvador.[16] Undergoing modernization and refurbishment works as of October 2025.[90] | |
| Asia | |||||
| Taiwan | Kaohsiung |  |
9 | ACR system built in; no need for catenary[91] | |
| New Taipei City | 23 | €200 million | [92][93][94] | ||
| Middle East | |||||
| Israel | Jerusalem | _on_Jaffa_Road,_5_November_2025_07.jpg) |
114 | Urbos 100. For Red Line extension and Green Line.[95] Operational on the Red Line since 2025 | |
| Tel Aviv | 98 | For Purple Line.[96] To be operational 2027 | |||
| Oceania | |||||
| Australia | Canberra |  |
14 | A$65 million | 5-module 100. Delivered 2018, operational April 2019[97] |
| 5 | Equipped with batteries for catenary-free operation[98] | ||||
| Newcastle |  |
6 | 5-module 100 supercapacitor wire free. Delivered 2018–19[99] | ||
| Sydney | .jpg) |
16 | A$20 million (1st order) |
5-module 100. Initial order for 6 trams; subsequently increased to 12.[100] Four more trams for the line were ordered from CAF in June 2021,[101][102] they entered service in 2023.[citation needed] Operates on the Inner West Light Rail. | |
 |
13 | 7-module 100 battery wire free, operating on Stage 1 of the Parramatta Light Rail since December 2024[103] | |||
| Africa | |||||
| Mauritius | Port Louis |  |
18[104] | €100 million | In service since October 2019[105] |
Design flaws
In December 2017, the Besançon Tramway in Besançon, France, discovered cracks in their Urbos 3s vehicles around the bogie box area of the bodies, which in December 2020 CAF paid for remedial work to be performed with each unit affected requiring one month downtime for the work to be completed.[106]
On 11 June 2021, the West Midlands Metro (operating between Birmingham and Wolverhampton, England) were forced to suspend their services due to similar cracks being discovered in the bogie box areas of their Urbos 3s vehicles, with ongoing investigations continuing to identify any other issues relating to the cracks and to find options for remedial works to be performed.[106]
Following on from these instances, in November 2021 the New South Wales transport minister Rob Stokes announced that the Sydney L1 Dulwich Hill Line would be decommissioned for up to 18 months, due to serious design flaws in all 12 of the CAF Urbos 3s tram sets that were running on the line. Stokes stated that the flaws (in the bogie boxes) were likely to be far broader in scope than those identified in Sydney due to the thousands of the same tram type operated around the world.[107][108]
Similar issues relating to cracks in the bogie box area were discovered in the Urbos 3 vehicles supplied to the Belgrade Tramway Network.[106]
The discovery of further cracks in the West Midlands trams led to service being suspended again from 12 November 2021[109][110] to December 2021.[111]
Following vehicle inspections, services in the West Midlands were again suspended on 20 March 2022 until further notice due to cracks described by the operator as 'bodywork cracks'.[112] Midland Metro was working directly with the manufacturer to assess the safety and operational impact.
Urbos AXL
_Aga_1.jpg)
Vehicles in the Urbos AXL series have longer car-body sections and pivoting bogies. With a maximum speed of 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph), it is designed for high-capacity, mass rapid transit systems.[11] This type of tram is currently in use only in two Northern European countries:
Urbos TT
The Urbos TT series is built with tram-train technology, connecting existing heavy rail infrastructure directly to urban tramway systems.[11]
- Cádiz, Spain (7 vehicles)
Urbos 70
Originally called the Urbos LRV,[115] the Urbos 70 is designed for the North American market and is customizable.
LRTA 13000 class (Metro edition)
The LRTA 13000 class is a high-floor light rail vehicle variant of the Urbos. 120 units were ordered for the LRT Line 1 medium-capacity rail system in Metro Manila, Philippines.[119] It was designed by CAF along with Mitsubishi Corporation and built at CAF's facilities in Corella, Spain, and Huehuetoca, Mexico.[120] The trains were progressively delivered from 2021 onwards, entering service by 20 July 2023. It replaced the aging, forty-year-old LRTA 1000 class LRVs.[121]
