User:Grantus4504

My name is Grant Sherman. I have a BSc in Astrophysics from Cardiff University where my tutor Mike Edmunds taught me about the interstellar medium.

I have an MSc in Analytical Biology from Warwick University. This was a course designed by Prof Jacqueline McGlade and included lectures from E. J. Milner-Gulland, Graham Medley and Jack Cohen. The course introduced me to the ideas of Jurgen Habermas, John Dryzek, Ulrich Beck

From 2006 to 2019, I lived on Lundy, a small island in the Bristol Channel, UK. I worked in the Marisco Tavern, but my main reason for living there was the seabirds. Lundy is home to three species of auks, the Common Guillemot, the Razorbill and the Atlantic Puffin. Manx Shearwaters and European Shags also breed on the island as well as four species of Gull: Great Black-backed Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Herring Gull, and Black-legged Kittiwake.

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I've just done a DNA test and had comparisons with DNA from archaeological individuals. I'm related to: Ötzi the Iceman, a Neolithic farmer who was buried in Poulnabrone dolmen, Co Clare, Ireland, and an Iron age Durotriges male buried at Winterborne Kingston.

I told my granson that there are oceans under the ice of Europa.

He asked me "Are there sharks on Europa?"

Stellar nucleosynthesis Asymptotic giant branch Interstellar medium Molecular cloud Star formation Protoplanetary disc Carbonaceous chondrites Abiogenesis

• Astrobiology, published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is a peer-reviewed journal that explores the origins of life, evolution, distribution, and destiny in the universe.
  • Mix, Lucas; Cady, Sherry L. and McKay, Christopher; eds. (2024). The Astrobiology Primer 3.0 is a special issue of the Astrobiology journal compiled by 12 editors and 60 authors that provides an overview of the current state of research in astrobiology.
    • Chapter 1: The Astrobiology Primer 3.0
    • Chapter 2: What is Life?
    • Chapter 3: The Origins and Evolution of Planetary Systems
    • Chapter 4: A Geological and Chemical Context for the Origins of Life on Early Earth
    • Chapter 5: Major Biological Innovations in the History of Life on Earth
    • Chapter 6: The Breadth and Limits of Life on Earth
    • Chapter 7: Assessing Habitability Beyond Earth
    • Chapter 8: Searching for Life Beyond Earth
    • Chapter 9: Life as We Don't Know It
    • Chapter 10: Planetary Protection - History, Science and the Future
    • Chapter 11: Astrobiology Education, Engagement and Resources

Extra-terrestrial nicotinic acid and nicotinamide have been found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites^[1] and in sample-returns from the asteroids 162173 Ryugu^[2][3] and 101955 Bennu.^[4]

Extra-terrestrial vitamin B3 vitamers have been found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and in sample-returns from the asteroids 162173 Ryugu and 101955 Bennu.

75%-99% of the organic carbon in CI and CM carbonaceous chondrites is an insoluble complex material^[5]. That is similar to the description for kerogen. A kerogen-like material is also in the ALH84001 Martian meteorite (an achondrite).

The CM meteorite Murchison has over 96 extraterrestrial amino acids and other compounds including carboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids, sulphonic and phosphonic acids, aliphatic, aromatic and polar hydrocarbons, fullerenes, heterocycles, carbonyl compounds, alcohols, amines and amides.

^[6]