User:SCHolar44

Over-linking, under-linking

See Overlinking and underlinking.

Essay on Community and communication

How Wikipedia Works – Chapter 12

Images in a gallery

For coding, see my Gallery coding, 1-3 across.docx. Based on wikibooks:Editing Wikitext/Pictures/Images in Containers.

Remember to consider a tag leading to a Commons category collection:

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woomera Aircraft & Missile Park.

"Main article:" and "Further info:" pointers

In its own paragraph (often under a heading):

{{Main|ARTICLE TITLE}}

-- which renders as:

{{further|ARTICLE TITLE}}

-- which renders as:

Within a paragraph: {{crossref|(For more information, see [[ARTICLE TITLE]].)}}

-- which renders as:

... the localities where the "Old Ghan" was serviced. (For more information, see Central Australia Railway.) Blah blah blah.

Lead section (lede)

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section

Caption punctuation

From Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions#Formatting and punctuation:

"Most captions are not complete sentences but merely sentence fragments which should not end with a period. However, if any complete sentence occurs in a caption, then every sentence and every sentence fragment in that caption should end with a period."

Link to Wiktionary

For example in "External links" section:

{{wiktionary-inline|WORD}}

-- which renders, for example, as:

• The dictionary definition of discombobulate at Wiktionary.

Commonwealth/Australian/American spelling

{{abbr|AusE|Australian English}}
{{abbr|BE|British English}} or {{abbr|BrE|British English}}
{{abbr|AE|American English}} or {{abbr|AmE|American English}}
{{abbr|CwthE|Commonwealth English}}

Example (shows a tooltip when you hover):

... streetcars (AmE) / trams (CwthE) ...

Explanation of an abbreviation

{{abbr|No.|Number}}

-- which renders as:  No.

Uses include currency prefixes: {{abbr|£A/£|Australian pound}} or {{abbr|$A/AUD|Australian dollar}}

-- which renders as:  £A/£ or $A/AUD   ← Choose alternatives manually (usually the first shown)

Present tense

My Typinator abbreviation to point to the "Relative time references" article: wpresent

–- which renders as: The statement is likely to become outdated: see the guidance here. ← Links to here.

Articles include:

• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Relative time references
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Statements likely to become outdated
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Verb tense

See Wikipedia: Statements likely to become outdated.

If it is possible to predict when a statement will need updating, use the {{Update after}} template to indicate when it should be updated.

See #As of for coding.

This paragraph is especially relevant to careless "now/at present/currently" usage:

When material in an article may become out of date, follow the Wikipedia:As of guideline, which allows information to be written in a less time-dependent way. (The "as of" technique is implemented in the {{As of}} template; it additionally tags information that will become dated. {{as of|2026|03}} produces the text As of March 2026^[update] and categorises the article appropriately. "A new widget is currently being developed" can usefully become something like "a new widget was under development as of 2008^[update]" or, if supported by a source, "it was announced in November 2007 that a new widget was being developed" (no need for {{As of}} template). The {{Age}} template will always display current age when the text is displayed in Wikipedia, but will not be correct for printouts and non-live text: a person born on 25 December 2000 will be 25 [entered as {{Age|2000|12|25}}] years old now.) There are also several templates for alerting readers to time-sensitive wording problems. (For example, the template {{When}} is available for editors to indicate when a sentence, or part of one, should be worded more precisely. The {{Out of date}} template may be used when an article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.)

Quoting CC0 and CC-BY text

See Template:Reflist-talk

<ref>{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https: ...}}<ref>

-- for CC BY 4.0 ("cc=by4") this renders as:^[2]

-- for CC0 ("cc=zero") this renders as:^[1]

Creating a new Wikipedia category

See: Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization and Contents#Categories

To check which categories already exist, the best way is to browse. Either start at Wikipedia:Browse or start at Category:Articles, which shows the "top" level categories, to which all other categories should be connected. A list of all categories can be found at Special:Categories – there are many thousands listed but you can jump through them using the search box. Category:Wikipedia categories is the standard top-level category provided by the MediaWiki software, but orphan categories (categories without any parent categories) can exist. Category Tree browser at the Toolserver is a JavaScript category browser, but it is marked "deprecated". Cat Scan, also at the Toolserver, can be used to find subcategories.

Deleting a Wikipedia category

If you believe a category falls within Wikipedia:Category deletion policy, bring it up on Wikipedia:Categories for discussion.

Principles for naming/choosing Commons categories

See Commons:Categories.

Navigate the category structure starting from a generic category (but don't choose it). Narrow your search down to subcategories until you find the most specific category that fits the file you uploaded, and choose that. You can navigate the category structure by following links to subcategories, or expanding the tree of subcategories by clicking on the little ▶ symbols on subcategory names. Always place an image in the most specific categories, and not in the levels above those – and those categories should in turn be placed in their most specific categories.

Content depicting a given subject from a common vantage point are grouped in Views of Subject from Viewpoint categories such as Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda. Such categories should be subcategories of both the subject's category (Cathedral of Seville in this example) and the viewpoint's category (Giralda in this example).

In this example, the Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda category is not placed directly in the subject and viewpoint categories, but in Views of the Cathedral of Seville and Views from Giralda. Such intermediate categories are often necessary to create structure and avoid over-categorization, particularly for views of a city from a vantage point located within the city. For example, Views of Rome from the Pincio needs the intermediate category Views of Rome to avoid placing it directly in Rome, which would constitute over-categorization.

Creating a new category in Commons

See Creating a new category

To see whether the category exists, type in "category:" followed by the name of a category that may exist, then click "Find category":

To create a new category:

1. Make sure there isn't an existing category that will serve the purpose: do a thorough search.
2. Find images (or a gallery or other pages) that should be put in the new category. Edit that page, and at the end insert the new category reference. e.g. [[Category:Title]].
3. Save the edited page. The new category appears as a red link at the bottom of the page.
4. Click on that red link. The new, empty, category page appears for editing. You can now edit the category like any other wiki page.

A category page should contain the following information (in order of importance):

• Category-links that put it into one or more parent categories. At the bottom of the new page, insert lines of the form [[Category:Relevant categories]].
• If the title is not clear or unambiguous enough on its own, add a short description that explains what should be in the category.
• Add interwiki or interlanguage links to the article or category with the same topic in Wikipedia by adding the appropriate sitelinks on the corresponding Wikidata page. After creating the category page, to add the links click "Add links" under "In Wikipedia" on the bottom of the sidebar to the left.
• If the category should be sorted according to a string different from the category title, add a {{DEFAULTSORT:}}. For instance, the title of a category about a person would not be the right sort string. For such categories, insert just before the categories a line like {{DEFAULTSORT:Lastname, Firstname}} with the correct sort string. See meta:Categories#Sort key for more information.

See also How to categorize: guidance by topic for guidance on specific classes of category, e.g. categories about People.

Renaming a category in Commons

See Commons:Rename a category

Category redirect

See Template:Category redirect

This tag should be used on existing categories that are likely to be used by others, even though the "real" category is elsewhere. Redirected categories should be empty and not categorised themselves.

{{Category redirect |1=NAME OF TARGET CATEGORY|reason=REASON}}

Deleting a Commons category

Go to the category page (Category:[cat name]); in sidebar, click "Nominate category for deletion"; give reasons.

Inclusion of "et al" in citation

Include in the citation: |display-authors=etal

Inclusion of footnote reference in citation

{{cite web |url=https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/copyright-and-the-digital-economy-ip-42/crown-use-of-copyright-material/ |title=Copyright and the digital economy |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012|at=Footnote 228 |website=Australian Law Reform Commission |access-date=20 July 2021 }}

-- which renders as: "Copyright and the digital economy". Australian Law Reform Commission. 2012. Footnote 228. Retrieved 20 July 2021.

Inclusion of two refs in citation, one inside the other

Include within the ref (citation) details |postscript=, TEXT (note the comma, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references) followed by: quoted in {{second reference}}

Inclusion of "via" in citation

"|via=" provides the name of the content deliverer if different from publisher. Not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the article is attributed to a different publication but cannot be traced, when the content deliverer presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available, or if the deliverer requests attribution.

{{cite magazine |date=1970 |title=Weekly notice 44/70|magazine=South Australian Railways Weekly Notices |location=[[Adelaide]]|publisher=South Australian Railways|via=[[National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide]]}}

-- which renders as: "Weekly notice 44/70". South Australian Railways Weekly Notices. Adelaide: South Australian Railways. 1970 – via National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide.

Inclusion of "Cited in" in citation

South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in {{cite web |url=https://www.comrails.com/routes/route_portpirie.html |title=Route information Adelaide to Port Pirie |first=Chris |last=Drymalik |date=2021 |website=Chris's Commonwealth railways information (ComRails) |publisher=Chris Drymalik |access-date=12 September 2021 }}

-- which renders as: South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in Drymalik, Chris (2021). "Route information Adelaide to Port Pirie". Chris's Commonwealth railways information (ComRails). Chris Drymalik. Retrieved 12 September 2021.

Inclusion of quotation in citation

See Template:Citation#Quote.

Example:

Bird, Kim (2012). "250, 100, 280 class railcars of the South Australian Railways". Proceedings of the 2012 Convention. Modelling the Railways of South Australia. Adelaide. p. 3‑390. One of the drawing office staff relates how they spent months reading '...Yankee magazines and extracting all the articles on Budd Rail Diesel Cars'.

Citing via template

See Category:Rail transport book citation templates. They generate a book citation using the {{cite book}} template.

{{FluMarWil-LocRailCR|page=10}}, for example, produces:

Fluck, Ronald E; Marshall, Barry; Wilson, John (1996). Locomotives and Railcars of the Commonwealth Railways. Welland, SA: Gresley Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 1876216018.

Inclusion of copied CC BY text in citation

<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url= URL |title=TITLE|author= AUTHOR<kbd><span style="color: #FF740C">'''<nowiki>|date=DATE|website=WEBSITE|access-date=DATE}}</ref>

-- which renders, for example, as:

This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Wangkangurru". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 26 January 2024.

Inclusion of comment in citation (postscript)

Include within the ref (citation) details |postscript=. TEXT OF COMMENT (note the full stop, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references)

-- which renders as, for example:

Watson, Diane; Watson, Kent (2017). "I came out of Bataan and I shall return". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017. (Contains misquote.){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Inclusion of search details in citation

<ref>{{cite web|title= Search result for 'SUBJECT' → FURTHER DOWN, E.G. TABS |url=URL |website=WEBSITE |publisher=PUBLISHER |access-date=ACCESS DATE}}</ref>

-- which renders as, for example:

"Search result for 'Salisbury' → Mayor, Central Ward + 6 others". Election Commission South Australia. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 18 January 2024.

Citation for location found via Google Earth or Google Maps

If in Google Earth, click and hold down the locality marker, then click on the link "Learn more in Google Maps". The Google Maps web page appears.

Copy the URL from the Google Maps web page. Insert the title you want (or omit the "title=" parameter -- but that will add yet another "Google Maps" to the citation).

Example:
<ref>{{Google maps |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/search/Hutt+Street,+Adelaide+SA/@-34.9308691,138.6094733,16z |title=Hutt Street|access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref>

-- which renders as:

"Hutt Street" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 19 March 2026.

Citation for Google Street View

Example for Street View:
<ref>{{Google maps |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-35.1726499,140.1821281,3a,75y,183.91h,80.38t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1svbQqCNIGrb5NwzxsAOeKTg!2e0?hl=en |title=Street view of Marama Hall |access-date=19 March 2026 |date=Date of IMAGE}}</ref>

-- which renders as follows (SV=on sets the citation as Google Street View"):

"Street view of Marama Hall". Google Street View. 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2026.

Citing an archived website (archive-url)

See Template:Citation#Web.

My Typinator abbreviation: warchive

– which renders as:

<ref>{{cite web |url=ORIGINAL URL| archive-url=ARCHIVE URL|url-status=dead|archive-date=DATE|title=TITLE |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20nn |website=WEBSITE |publisher=PUBLISHER|access-date=ACCESS DATE }}</ref>

Citation of Australian Acts (manually)

Discussed in Template talk:Cite Legislation AU#Getting the format right if the template fails.

With austlii as the source, this ought to work:

{{Cite Legislation AU | SA | act (or num_act) | title | section (optional)}}

– which renders as, for example:

[https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009/ s. 8] ( SA )

or this:
{{Cite Legislation AU |SA |num_act |tntsa946o1907453 |The Northern Territory Surrender Act 1907 }}

– which renders as, for example:
The Northern Territory Surrender Act 1907 (SA)

However, if austlii is faulty (most likely with the code number, tntsa946o1907453 in this case) manual formatting may be necessary.

This is the formatting described below:

''The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862'' authorised ...<ref>''Nomenclature Act 1917 (SA)'' [http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/na1284o1917196/(ADD SPACE&NBSP]</ref>

The Cite Legislation AU template can fail. I've come to prefer coding manually to achieve a plain-and-simple linked footnote reference (the same output) with:

• the Act in italics
• jurisdiction in roman
• a link to Austlii or a jurisdiction register via a box-and-arrow () icon.

This is not difficult. Two complications arise, but they are easily overcome.

1. Remove the superfluous number from the footnote

By default, an unwanted number in square brackets (_^[1]) will appear at the end of the footnote, as in Reference no. 1 below.

A little trick easily removes it. In Edit view, immediately after the URL (i.e., before the closing square bracket) add a space followed by a non-breaking space:

2. Make space to clear italics in the body text

If the Act's title is included in the body of the article and doesn't include the jurisdiction after the enactment year – e.g. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 – italicising may cause the last character to impinge on the footnote number that follows it, as in:

... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862^[2] was assented to on 18th December.

This is best countered by adding a thin space after the last character:

... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 ^[3] was assented to on 18th December.

Citation for an Act not listed by Austlii

The above formatting can be applied equally to an Act that isn't listed by Austlii; for example:

Sydney Railway Company Act 1849 ^[4]

↑ Coding of this box is covered in Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel).

70-year terms

Wikipedia:Public domain

70-year copyright terms came into effect in 2005 when the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) amendments were made to the Copyright Act. Prior to 2005, terms were generally 50 years. But, the 2005 changes were not applied retrospectively or to government publications, therefore, to calculate the copyright status of older works, it is necessary to determine whether or not copyright had expired by 2005.

– from How long does copyright last? (NLA)

PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC)

Note: the year shown as 1976 in this section advances annually.

The article covering the main template used in the following licence notices is Template:PD-because ← in Wikimedia Commons.

Australian Government copyright policy:
https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/duration-provisions-table-may-2018.pdf

PD DEDICATIONS    

GOVERNMENT WORKS      🏢  📸  📄  

NON-GOVERNMENT PHOTOS      👤  📸

NON-GOVERNMENT, NON-PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS      👤  📄

U.S. COPYRIGHT RELEVANT TO AUSTRALIA (FOR COMMONS UPLOADS)   

PD dedication (CC0) as un-named owner

For use when I own copyright but don't want attribution

{{PD-self}}

– which renders as:

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide.

If this is not legally possible:

I grant any entity the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

PD Public domain false false

PD dedication (CC0) as the named, linked author

Attributed when I am the author; links to my Talk page at Wikipedia)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdauthor

{{PD-author|[[w:User talk:SCHolar44|SCHolar44]]}}

– which renders as:

This work has been released into the public domain by its author, SCHolar44. This applies worldwide.

---

In case this is not legally possible:
SCHolar44 grants any entity the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

Public domain //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SCHolar44 false false

Alternatively, use an "Attribution only" licence

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdattrib only

{{Attribution only license|1=User: SCHolar44 |2= |nolink= SCHolar44|text=Wikimedia Commons participant SCHolar44.}}

– which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

The copyright owner of this file, SCHolar44, allows anyone to use it for any purpose, provided that he is attributed as follows. Redistribution, derivative work, commercial use, and all other use is permitted.
Attribution: SCHolar44 @ Wikimedia Commons

Government works – 50 year expiry

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdgov50

This year, government works are expired if made or first published on or before 31 December 1975.

The Australian Government has declared that expiry of Australian copyright applies worldwide – confirmed to the Wikimedia Foundation in VRTS ticket # 2017062010010417. Therefore, it is not necessary to establish that a government work made in Australia was PD in Australia at the URAA date (1 January 1996).

Steps:

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, under "Do you know what licence the creator published this work under?", don't select a licence; click on "Enter a different licence".
• (SCHolar44 only): Enter the Typinator abbreviation, as above.
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|{{nobold|the work was made or first published by the Commonwealth of Australia or an Australian state or territory on or before 31 December {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}. In relation to such works, section 180 of the [https://www.legislation.gov.au/C1968A00063/latest/text Copyright Act 1968] states: :Copyright in copyright material subsists until 50 years after the calendar year in which the material is made if:<br />(a) the material is a work, sound recording or cinematograph film; and<br />(b) the Commonwealth or a state: ::(a) is the owner; or ::(b) would, but for an agreement to which section 179 applies, be the owner; :of copyright in the material.}}''<br /><br /> The Australian Government has declared that expiry of Australian copyright applies worldwide – confirmed to the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] in [[w:Wikipedia:Volunteer Response Team|VRTS]] ticket 2017062010010417.}} <big>↑</big>The public domain status of this work satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

This file is in the public domain because the work was made or first published by the Commonwealth of Australia or an Australian state or territory on or before 31 December 1975. In relation to such works, section 180 of the Copyright Act 1968 states:

Copyright in copyright material subsists until 50 years after the calendar year in which the material is made if:
(a) the material is a work, sound recording or cinematograph film; and
(b) the Commonwealth or a state:

(a) is the owner; or

(b) would, but for an agreement to which section 179 applies, be the owner;

of copyright in the material.

The Australian Government has declared that expiry of Australian copyright applies worldwide – confirmed to the Wikimedia Foundation in VRTS ticket # 2017062010010417.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

This work must carry justifications for free usability in both the United States and its country of origin.

↑ The public domain status of this work satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Government works – 1946 and later

Note: Works created by Australian governments enter PD after 50 years – i.e. in 2026, if made before 1976. However, works hosted on the Wikimedia Foundation's servers, which are located in the US, must comply with US copyright law. US PD for Government works made in Australia expires on the URAA date (1 January 1996) – i.e., in respect of works made after 31 December 1945.

For government works made on/after 1 January 1946, follow the procedure at:

• CC BY Australian Government
• CC BY SA Government
• CC BY Victorian Government
• CC BY Northern Territory Government.

Collage of PD drawings made by government and assembled by me

See my file: Copyright notices -- collage of SAR PD drawings pre-1946.pdf. An example is at 520 class design collage

If the original drawings were created before 31 December 1945, enter this (because of US copyright jurisdiction for Wikimedia Commons):

|Permission=The original drawings were created by an agency of an Australian government and were published ca. 1945. Due to the 50 year Crown Copyright term for Australian government works, the copyright expired at the end of 1995. As such they were in the public domain on the URAA restoration date for Australia (1 January 1996) and are also in the public domain in the US. The collage with headings and captions, created by User:SCHolar44, contains insufficient creative input to attract separate copyright as a derivative work. The creator has also pre-emptively released any such copyright, should one arise, under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication ({{CC-zero}}).

Licence is {{PD-scan-two|PD-AustraliaGov||PD-1996}}

If after 1 January 1946, invoke blanket CC BY (Australian governments).

PD pre-1906 photos (not SLSA)

Note: the year in the above heading and in the wording of the first ("PD-because") tag advances annually.

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902photo

For Australian photographs (not from SLSA) taken before 1 January 1906.

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1906 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the photo was taken before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the photo was taken before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

If this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1906 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

This work was never published prior to January 1, 2003, and is currently in the public domain in the United States because it meets one of the following conditions:

• the death date of its author is not known, and it was created before January 1st, 1978.
• it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was published before January 1st, 2003.^[1]

The above provisions are contained in 17 U.S.C. § 303. See also this page for more information.

PD-US Public domain in the United States //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SCHolar44

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the ''int:license-header'' heading.

PD pre-1906 images (not photo or engraving or SLSA)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902image

For Australian non-photographic images (not from SLSA) made before 1 January 1906.

Relevance (Australia): The author died pre-1955. Rationale: author was at least 25 in 1906 (few if any young artists were published at that time) and did not live beyond age 80 – life expectancy in Australia in 1955 was 69.81 years (https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/AUS/australia/life-expectancy).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1906 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the author died before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in an artistic work (not being an engraving or photograph) made by an author who died before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the author died before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright specifies that copyright in an artistic work (not being an engraving or photograph) made by an author who died before 1 January 1955 has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

If this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1906 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

This work was never published prior to January 1, 2003, and is currently in the public domain in the United States because it meets one of the following conditions:

• the death date of its author is not known, and it was created before January 1st, 1978.
• it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was published before January 1st, 2003.^[2]

The above provisions are contained in 17 U.S.C. § 303. See also this page for more information.

PD-US Public domain in the United States //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SCHolar44

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the ''int:license-header'' heading.

Photo repair (blemishes) notice – SLSA

My Typinator abbreviation: wblemish

Added (after location=) when a photo has been repaired. The final sentence is for the reason field. Delete mention of SLSA when applicable.

This image originates in a medium-resolution download available free of charge from the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"). Changes made before uploading to Wikimedia Commons included rotation, improvements to exposure, contrast and other values, and removal of blemishes, scratches, dust and chemical marks. The image with its faults can be downloaded free from the library's website. The website states that a higher-resolution image is available for purchase from the library. •••Note about restoration of damage.•••

PD pre-1906 images (SLSA)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1902

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken before 1 January 1906.

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1906 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright, which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

Since Wikimedia Commons servers are located in the United States, if this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1906 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

This work was never published prior to January 1, 2003, and is currently in the public domain in the United States because it meets one of the following conditions:

• the death date of its author is not known, and it was created before January 1st, 1978.
• it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was published before January 1st, 2003.^[3]

The above provisions are contained in 17 U.S.C. § 303. See also this page for more information.

PD-US Public domain in the United States //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SCHolar44

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 SLSA photos

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January 1906 and 31 December 1954.

• For pre-1906 SLSA photos, see here.
• For ΩΩΩ

Reason: Photos created in Australia before 1 January 1955 are PD in Australia. In the US jurisdiction (which applies to Wikimedia Commons because their servers are in the US), (Applies before 1906 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright, which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

Since Wikimedia Commons servers are located in the United States, if this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
2. It was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Australia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).

---

For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights.

Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.
 

Pre-1976 SLSA images

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January 1906 and 31 December 1955.

Reason: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1906 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright, which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

Since Wikimedia Commons servers are located in the United States, if this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
2. It was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Australia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).

---

For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights.

Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 works (non-government) (not photos or engravings)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955nonGovNonPhoto

For Australian works (not made by a government, not photos or engravings, author unknown) made public before 1 Jan 1955.

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1906 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the author is unknown and the work was made public before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in such a work (not being a photograph) is expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because tthe author is unknown and the work was made public before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright specifies that copyright in such a work (not being a photograph) is expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

Since Wikimedia Commons servers are located in the United States, if this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
2. It was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Australia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).

---

For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights.

Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 photos (non-government)

#### To come

1955-1976 photos (non-government)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955

For Australian photographs (not made by a government) taken between 1 January 1906 and 31 December 1975.

• For pre-1906, see here).
• For pre-1955, see [[#

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1906 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the photo was taken before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of Australian copyright] specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is in the public domain because the photo was taken before 1 January 1976. The Australian Government's policy on duration of copyright specifies that copyright in a photograph made more than 50 years ago has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

Since Wikimedia Commons servers are located in the United States, if this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
2. It was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Australia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).

---

For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights.

Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Public domain – Commonwealth or state government TEXT

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdgov50

(50 years after publishing; but see the over-riding CC BY releases under the Open Data Policy, which generally render public domain factors as irrelevant for my purposes.} See:

• Australian Government CC BY
• SA Government CC BY

More information Literary copyright in Australia ...

Literary copyright in Australia
{{PD-because |section 180(1) of the [https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00180 Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth of Australia)] states, as relevant to this work: "Copyright in a literary ... work of which the Commonwealth or a State is the owner ... (b) where the work is published – subsists, or, if copyright in the work subsisted immediately before its first publication, continues to subsist, until the expiration of 50 years after the expiration of the calendar year in which the work was first published."}} which renders as: This file is in the public domain, because section 180(1) of the Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth of Australia) states, as relevant to this work: "Copyright in a literary ... work of which the Commonwealth or a State is the owner ... (b) where the work is published – subsists, or, if copyright in the work subsisted immediately before its first publication, continues to subsist, until the expiration of 50 years after the expiration of the calendar year in which the work was first published." PD Public domain false false Please verify that the reason given above is valid! Note: if there is a specific licence tag for the reason supplied here, please use it.

Close

CC BY all Australian governments

My Typinator abbreviation: wccbyallgovs

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Australian government'''<br />{{nobold|<small>An Australian government ([[w:Australian Government|federal]], [[w:States and territories of Australia|state or territory]]) owns copyright in this work. Those governments subscribe to the [https://www.finance.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-10/aust_govt_public_data_policy_statement.pdf Public Data Policy], by which non-sensitive government data (other than a Commonwealth, state or territory emblem, and images and other material or devices protected by a trademark) is open by default and licensed under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution 4.0 licence].</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY Australian Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wagccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Australian Government'''<br />{{nobold|<small>The [[w:Australian Government|Australian Government]] owns copyright in this work. Under its [https://www.finance.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-10/aust_govt_public_data_policy_statement.pdf Public Data Policy], it has made non-sensitive data open by default, with licensing under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution licence]. </small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY SA Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wsagccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Government of South Australia'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of South Australia|Government of South Australia]] owns copyright in this work. Its [https://data.sa.gov.au/copyright statement of copyright policy] includes: "With the exception of the Piping Shrike emblem, images, and other material or devices protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, the content of this website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence."</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

Work on an SA Government website (not sa.gov.au)

↑ If the work was downloaded from an SA Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice should be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence."

Text at sa.gov.au

↑ If text was downloaded from the sa.gov.au website, place this between }} and </ref> in the citation: [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] [https://www.sa.gov.au/copyright Copyright in text copied from this source] is owned by the Government of South Australia and made available under an [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)] licence.

-- which renders in the References section as:
Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the Government of South Australia and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

CC BY Victorian Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wvicgccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''State Government of Victoria'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of Victoria|State Government of Victoria]] owns copyright in this work. It has adopted an [https://www.audit.vic.gov.au/report/access-public-sector-information "open by default"] approach to public sector information (which includes all government records, emails, reports, briefings, photographs and more) with licensing under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution licence].</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY Northern Territory Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wCCBYntGov

For Australian photographs taken after 1955, curated by LANT (Library & Archives NT), for which a CC BY licence is shown on the download page.

For photos created before 1955, use pre-1955 PD.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, click on the CC BY 4.0 licence.

The page in the Library & Archives Northern Territory website from which the image file was downloaded (see "Source") states that the photograph is licensed CC BY.

Then complete the attribution!

• Open the completed upload of the file and click Edit.
• In the Licensing section, after =={{int:license-header}}==, enter {{cc-by-4.0|attribution=[[Northern Territory Government]]}}.

CC BY NSW Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wnswgccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''State of New South Wales'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of New South Wales|State of New South Wales]] owns copyright in this work. Its [https://www.nsw.gov.au/nsw-government/copyright statement of copyright policy] includes: "The State of New South Wales supports and encourages the reuse of its publicly funded information, and endorses the use of the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework (AusGOAL)."</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

Work on an NSW Government website (not nsw.gov.au)

↑ If the work was downloaded from an NSW Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice may be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence."

Text at nsw.gov.au

↑ If text was downloaded from the nsw.gov.au website, place this between }} and </ref> in the citation: [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] [https://www.nsw.gov.au/nsw-government/copyright Copyright in text copied from this source] is owned by the State of New South Wales and made available under an [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)] licence.

-- which renders in the References section as:

Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the State of New South Wales and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

US PD policies most relevant to Australian works

Extremely complex. See Cornell University summary (Hirtle table)   – in which the most relevant is here:

* This date advances annually. Dates shown are valid for 2026.

PD fair use in the US

My Typinator abbreviation: wfairuse

See Template:Non-free use rationale

To follow an Australian PD notice when US fair use is the only possible basis for the image to be hosted on Wikimedia servers. For uploads to WikiPEDIA only.

• Copy wikitext below and paste in Edit mode under the int:license-header heading.

• Follow that with:
  <big>↑</big> The image has been uploaded to Wikipedia because its public domain status in Australia is established and its usage would be considered fair use within [[WP:NFC|Wikipedia policy]] and US law.

Fair use of a dustjacket image

See an argument for a non-free image in the Description at WidmerpoolCartoon.png.

Public domain – HTSA amended copyright tags

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdHTSA

Reason for it: HTSA have the wrong licensing notice.

{{PD-because|more than 50 years have elapsed since the end of the calendar year in which it was made by the [[w:Government of South Australia|Government of South Australia]]. Under the provisions of section 180 of the ''[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021C00407 Copyright Act 1968]'', copyright has expired.}}<br />

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a simulation of the appearance in Commons):

This file is in the public domain because more than 50 years have elapsed since the end of the calendar year in which it was made by the Government of South Australia. Under the provisions of section 180 of the Copyright Act 1968, copyright has expired.

---

This template must not be used to dedicate an uploader's own work to the public domain; CC0 should be used instead.

If this template involves a non-U.S. jurisdiction it must be accompanied by a justification for free use that is valid in the U.S.

This work was never published prior to January 1, 2003, and is currently in the public domain in the United States because it meets one of the following conditions:

• the death date of its author is not known, and it was created before January 1st, 1978.
• it is an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, and it was published before January 1st, 2003.^[4]

The above provisions are contained in 17 U.S.C. § 303. See also this page for more information.

PD-US Public domain in the United States //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SCHolar44

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

OTRS pending

See Template:OP (or Template:OTRS pending -- currently prohibited -- if the articles are merged).

In the "Source" area on the Wikimedia Commons page for an image, add {{subst:OP}} as the first characters after the Description heading, i.e. starting in the next space after "=" in "Description=". {{subst:OP}}.

A date-stamped version of the {{OTRS pending}} notification will appear on the file. The file will be categorised by date automatically but the category will not appear on the actual file page.

Copyright permission -- my pre-approved railway-related

See Permission templates.

Copyright permission -- material already online

See Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials#Granting us permission to copy material already online

Asking for copyright consent

Example requests for permission are here.

My example (Flickr) is here.

Copyright, wording of consent e-mail

See the templates in: Commons and Wikipedia.

Place {{subst:OP}} as the last element in the Description text.

Erasing copyright watermarks

See Commons:Enforcing license terms#Tools for identifying your work: "Do not add visible watermarks to your images, such as printing your name in the corner. These will be removed as they affect image quality."

Useful tips on a User page

Tom Reding's user page

Nowiki

My Typinator abbreviation: wnwk1 (for opening code) and wnwk2 (for closing code)

See Help:Wikitext#Nowiki.

<nowiki>TEXT</nowiki>

Link to a URL without showing the URL

<span class="plainlinks">[URL GOES HERE FOLLOWED BY A SPACE THEN DESCRIPTIVE WORDS]</span>

– which renders as, for example: Short Guide to Copyright

SLSA photos URL

See   and insert new number after "B+".

SLSA Home Access URL

Maps showing Aboriginal languages distribution

Of Queensland, but some are relevant to SA:  

Route map icon coding

See BSicon/Catalogue and sub-pages such as BSicon/Catalogue/junctions.

Copyright permission templates

My Typinator abbreviations: wNRMpermission, wHSWpermission etc.

In Commons. NB: Case sensitive.

{{Template:[Name] p/Permission}}   ← Note either upper or lower case.

• Permission (upper case P): Hugh S. W..., M... (surname only), Richard T. H....
  
• permission (lower case p): N...R...M....

Wikimedia Commons: upload documentation

These are useful to remember:

• For listing a source for an existing image on which the current image is based (e.g. before cropping):
  |source=[[c:File:Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif|Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif]]

-- which renders as:
|source=Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif

• For approximate dates: |date={{other date|~|YEAR}}

-- which renders as, for example: |date=circa 1925

• For other dates / complex dates: see Commons:Template:Other date. Many variables shown in the article include: possibly, probably, presumably, from-until, unknown, between, or, before, after, by, from, first half.

-- for example: {{Other date |1=DD MM YYYY|2=1884-01-15|probably}}
which renders as: probably 15 January 1884

-- and: {{other date|~|1999|2000}}
which renders as: between circa 1999 and circa 2000

• For unknown photographers: {{unknown|photographer}}

• Linked Username in licensing description:{{self|author={{user at project|SCHolar44|wikipedia|en}}|Cc-by-sa-4.0}}

-- which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

Wikimedia Commons: amending filename of an image

(Check the criteria at COM:FR to make sure the renaming is appropriate.)

Don't use Template:Requested move to tag articles that aren't controversial or potentially controversial to move. For uncontroversial/technical requests, go to Wikipedia:Requested moves/Technical requests and edit the "Uncontroversial technical requests" subsection by inserting the following code, adding 2 page titles and the reason (remove nowiki from the code):

{{subst:RMassist| current page title | new page title | reason = reason for move}}

This will automatically insert a bullet and include your signature. No edits to the article's talk page are required.

Article title, and change of (move)

See Wikipedia:Article titles.

See Help:How to move a page.

See Requested moves#Undiscussed moves.

Pictures / images

See Help:Pictures -- a comprehensive article. Includes Pixel counts vs upright factors, which reads:

Although pixel counts are easier to understand than upright factors, they adjust less well to user preferences. For example, suppose a picture contains some detail and by default is a bit too small, and you want to increase it by about 10%. Although upright=1.1 and 240px do the job equally well for the common case where the default width is 220 pixels, many of the users who set the default width to 300 pixels to work better with their high-resolution screens will be annoyed with 200px because it will make the picture a third smaller than their preferred size. In contrast, upright=1.1 will display the picture to them with a width of 330 pixels, and this is more likely to work well on their displays. Pixel counts are typically better than upright factors for displaying combinations of pictures, some of which have known and limited sizes, and for displaying tiny icons that are intended to be combined with text.

Image sizes

See Wikipedia:Image use policy#Displayed image size. Includes:

• |thumb (with upright completely absent) multiplies the width by 1.0 (i.e. changes nothing)
• |thumb|upright (with upright present, but no multiplier given) multiplies the width by 0.75 by default
• |upright=scaling_factor ← e.g. 1.4 can be used not only for thumbnails but for certain other images that serve much the same function as thumbnails but do not need frames around them or captions below them. In these cases add |frameless.

See the Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images § Size for further guidance on expanded or reduced image sizes. Except with very good reason, do not use px (e.g. |thumb|300px), which forces a fixed image width measured in pixels, disregarding the user's image size preference setting. In most cases upright=scaling_factor should be used, thereby respecting the user's base preference (which may have been selected for that user's particular devices). If px is used, the resulting image should usually be no more than 500 pixels tall and no more than 400 pixels wide, for comfortable display on the smallest devices "in common use" (though this may still cause viewing difficulties on some unusual displays). To convert a px value to scaling_factor, divide it by 250 and round the result as desired. For example, |150px is roughly equivalent to |upright=0.7 (150 / 250 ≃ 0.6).

Pie charts (coded)

See Religion in the United Kingdom.

Linking to a map using a mapbox

Presents an overlay on a map by OpenStreetMap, Google, Bing or GeoHack.

Before using, always read the Template:Mapbox page and, if relevant, the Template:Maplink page.

{{mapbox|from=PortLINK options 2016.map|text=Four options for the future of the Outer Harbor and Grange lines, presented as part of a 2016 planning document developing the South Australian Government's AdeLINK proposal.|text-left=yes}}

(PortLINK options 2016.map leads to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Harbor_railway_line#/maplink/0)

-- which renders as:

Four options for the future of the Outer Harbor and Grange lines, presented as part of a 2016 planning document developing the South Australian Government's AdeLINK proposal.

Displaying a small map of a location

Copy the code; note trasposing of latitude and longitude.

A good .gif sequence

... is File: Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif

Free images

A long list is here  

Modifying an image in Commons

Extracted (without other changes):
In the Summary area of the extracted file, put an "Extracted" tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary: {{Extracted from|1=FILENAME OF PARENT}}

-- which renders as follows, for example:

↑ This is a mockup (coding is different from that on Commons page).

Add author of modified image to Summary:
Copy this to upload page on Commons:
{{Author|original|[[:User:NAME of original author|NAME of original author]]}}. {{Author|derivative|[[w:User:SCHolar44|SCHolar44]]}}.

Retouched:
Put a Retouched tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary: {{retouched|CHANGES I MADE}}

-- which renders as follows (with an example of reasons):

This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: levels adjustment and sharpen.

Substantially modified:
My Typinator abbreviations: wimagemod1 for offspring image, imagemod2 for parent image.

On the offspring page, put a tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary:

-- which renders as, for example:

On the parent page, put a tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary:

-- which renders as, for example:

-- and:

NSWGR loco 3026 with ARHS train passes through RAAF Base Wagga with aircraft in background, 1983 (distant).jpg

Non-destructive cropping of an image in Wikipedia

See Template:Annotated image and Template:Annotated image/doc/Samples#Cropping an image.

This puts a mask (cf: Pages feature) over an image from Commons or Wikipedia so that only the desired part is visible. The advantage is that it is then not necessary to create a cropped version in Commons.

{{Annotated image | image = Mona Lisa color restoration2.jpg | image-width = 1000 <!-- This number does not affect the image's display – it simply serves to provide a [[lowest common denominator|denominator]] for the numbers in the following 4 lines, resulting in four [[fraction]]s. It has no connection with the actual number of pixels in the image. --> | image-left = -425<!--This sets where the left-hand edge of the image will be in the article. Remember to include the "-" minus character. --> | image-top = -400<!-- This sets where the top edge of the image will be. Remember to include the "-" minus character. --> | width = 125 <!--By specifying the width, this sets where the right-hand edge of the image will be. --> | height = 125 <!-- By specifying the height, this sets where the right-hand edge of the image will be. --> | float = left | annotations = <!-- Empty or not, this parameter must be included. --> | caption = Cropped version }} [[File:Monalisa.svg|thumb|right|300px|The criteria for which values are specified in the coding]]

Example:

The tidal lake at West Lakes

Click on radio button to flip to a second image (switcher)

Copy the coding for this example →

Quick facts

Norwegian coupling (on New Zealand Railways) from above. With background detail removed.

Close

See example: National War Memorial (South Australia)

Doesn't work on smartphones: all of the images are displayed.

Click on cropped image to show a larger image

Example: a thumb might be cropped to show a smaller, more important part of the image; clicking on it leads to the full image.

Use |link= preceded by the smaller image's file name and succeeded by the file name of the larger image:

[[File:Adelaide horse tramway routes at their maximum extent (1900s) -- city and south lines crop.png|thumb|100px|upright=1 |link=File:Adelaide horse tramway routes at their maximum extent (1900s).png|Southern horse tram routes]]

Image name, to change (move)

See Commons:Overwriting existing files. For Wikipedia articles, see Help:How to move a page.

With File Mover privilege

(My addition to ‪autopatrollers (at my discretion‬) and file movers (RFR)‬ was received on 7 Apr 2020.)

See , especially Commons:File renaming.

The file rename function allows renaming (or "moving") of files, which works basically the same way as "normal" page moves. The function is only available to stewards, administrators and file movers, who just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page.

For reasons, see Which files should be renamed?

Without File Mover privilege

For Wikimedia Commons, see Commons:File renaming.

You have to request the renaming of a file.

You can do this via the "More" menu pop-down next to the star near the top of the image page (it won't be visible on your User page); select "Move". (If there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, see the note below.)

This will bring up a page with guidance notes on, and provision for, the new file name and reasons to be entered.

Alternatively, in the Edit view of the image file's Summary section you can add {{Rename}} as the first line, i.e. immediately after "|Description=".

An example:

{{Rename|required newname.ext|required rationale number*|reason=required text reason}}
* The number here is one of the six in the table here.

and specifically:

{{Rename|Required new image name.jpg|1|reason=Typo in file name I uploaded.}}

However, this option doesn't initiate extra checks that the first method will carry out.

If on the image page there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, you can put it on by changing your preferences here » go to the 3rd heading (Interface: Files and categories) » tick the RenameLink box » Save.

An editor with filemoving rights will perform the move if it conforms to the guidelines described [at Commons:File renaming]."

Colon trick to produce a conventional wikilink (no image)

From Help:Colon trick: "The colon trick is a method of providing a link to a category, image or interwiki link without adding the page to the category, displaying the image, or adding the interwiki link to the interlanguage links. It also allows for linking to pages with titles beginning with a recognised external link prefix, such as http://

By adding a colon just inside the opening double square brackets of the link, the default behaviour of the MediaWiki software will be bypassed. It will appear as a conventional wikilink.

Examples:

• [[Category:Help]] lists this page in Category Help
  but [[:Category:Help]] will produce a link to Category:Help

• [[Image:SmilingBruce.png]] displays an image ( )
  but [[:Image:SmilingBruce.png]] produces a link to the image

• [[Image:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]] displays an image inline () that is reduced in size (in this case ~200 » 15 px)
  but [[:Image:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]] produces a link to the image.

Font sizes

See Help:Advanced text formatting

Over-linking, under-linking

See Overlinking and underlinking.

De minimis

De minimis use of a copyrighted work is such a trivial use that the consent of the copyright owner is not required.

See Commons:De minimis.

Dotted underline for tooltip (e.g. English variants, Oz states)

{{abbr|SA|South Australia}}

-- which renders as: SA

Also see #Commonwealth/Australian/American spelling

Anchor

My Typinator abbreviation (contains both): wanchor

See template:Anchor An example is in the article on Menzies.

When naming the anchor, it's preferred to start with a capital letter. Case sensitive. Don't name it the same as a heading. Can be used in tables.

The anchor is at the "landing" place. To set it up, enter "subst" text (commonly at the end of a section heading): ==Section heading{{subst:anchor|Anchor name}}==

which will be saved in the article as:

==Section heading<span class="anchor" id="Anchor name"></span>==

Non-heading link to anchor: {{subst:anchor|Anchor name}}

which will be saved in the article as:

<span class="anchor" id="Anchor name"></span>

Consider adding at the landing place:<!--Please leave. Text in xxxx article links here.-->

At the "launching off" place:

• Within the same page as the anchor: [[#Anchor name|display text]]
• On another page: [[Article name#Anchor name|display text]]

For coding of links to anchors formatted as buttons, see under PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC).

"Sic" in reference footnote

{{sic|ERRONEOUS LETTERS|our|expected=Harbour|nolink=yes}}

Harbour [sic]

Put <code> on a grey background

To put wikitext on a grey background, use <code>TEXT</code>

-- which renders as coding or other wikitext

Put text in green serifed font

Used especially to format words from a Wikipedia article being quoted. {{xt|TEXT}}

-- renders as TEXT

This template cannot be used in mainspace (the article namespace). It is not for use as wikitext markup for quotations on talk pages; use {{tq}} instead.

Cheatsheet and other wiki html Help pages

WP:CHEATSHEET is a quick reference for basic wiki markup – including collapsed sections at the end and links to more in the See also section. It's also worth going through Help:Wikitext.

Wikisource has original text related to this article

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Application for extension of Loh Chui's alien bond

{{Wikisource|Item name, including "Page:"|text to be visible}}

-- which renders as on the right: →

Further information

{{see|ARTICLE}}

which renders as:

As of

See Template:As of.     Caution re writing in present tense: here

{{As of|Type the year}}

{{As of|Type the year|Type the month}}

Lower case: {{As of|lc=y|Type the year}}

Variants:

• {{As of|since=y|2022|04|post=,}} → Since April 2022,
• {{As of|alt=Beginning in early 2022|2022|04|post=,}} → Beginning in early 2022,

Comprehensive list of cleanup tags

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Tags inline with article text.

Unreferenced articles cleanup

There is a project for this. Useful resources are at Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles (WP:UAR). Also see tags below.

Tags with messages

See Wikipedia:Template messages.

Also see the video on how templates work (8 mins): here

A list of comment tags is here. Links in the Article-related namespace table lead to more detail, such as Cleanup, including e.g. {{overly detailed}}. Also {{more citations needed}} and notices when an article or section is undergoing a major edit.

For message subjects, search here:

TAGS FOR SHORTCOMINGS IN REFERENCES OR CITATIONS

Tag for articles with no citations

See Template:Unreferenced. The template {{subst:Unreferenced}} is for articles with no references at all.

-- The template renders as:

This article does not cite any sources. (January 2021)

Tag for articles needing more citations

See Template:More citations needed

The template {{subst:Refimprove}} is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the article.

-- The template renders as:

This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021)

Tag for sections with no citations

The template {{subst:Unreferenced section}} is for individual sections that have no citations in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else.

-- The template renders as:

This section does not cite any sources. (January 2024)

Tag for sections needing more citations

The template {{subst:Refsection}} is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the section.

-- The template renders as:

This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021)

Tag for empty section

Template:Empty section

A bot will add the date, or it can be done manually (month+year).

{{Empty section|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}

-- which renders as:

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2026)

Tag for "Lead not subsequently referenced"

Template:Lead rewrite

{{Lead rewrite|date=March 2026|reason= Content in the lead is not subsequently mentioned and referenced}}

-- which renders as:

This article's lead section may need to be rewritten. The reason given is: Some content in the lead is not subsequently mentioned and/or referenced. (April 2024)

Tags for "needs update"

See: Template:Update

Selected words: {{Update after|202x|x|x|text=TEXT TO HAVE BORDER AROUND}} – which renders as:
text text, although this is likely to change after December 2020.^{[needs update]}

Sentence or paragraph: {{Update inline|date=March 2026}} – which renders as: ^{[needs update]}

{{Update inline|?=yes|date=March 2026}} – which renders as: ^{[needs update?]}

{{Update inline|reason=REASON|date=March 2026}} – which renders as: ^{[needs update]}   ← roll-over reveals the reason

{{Update inline|?=yes|reason=REASON|date=March 2026}} – which renders as: ^{[needs update?]}   ← roll-over reveals the reason

Section: {{Update section|date=March 2026}} – which renders as simulated here:

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2026)

Tag for recentism

Can be used at article or section level.

At Template:Recentism:

"Wikipedia articles are supposed to be written from a neutral point of view, regarding any relevant aspect of the topic. This also includes appropriate coverage of relevant historical information. However, articles are sometimes biased towards placing undue emphasis on recent events which may be due to a systemic bias. In such cases, this maintenance template can be used to raise awareness of that shortcoming. As with all maintenance templates (also called "tags"), the preferred course of action is to boldly edit and fix the problem rather than slapping a tag on it."

Place the tag at the top of the article page if the entire article is slanted towards recent events, or at the top of the relevant section if the rest of the article properly includes relevant historical information. Use the article/section parameter to change the standard wording "article or section" to specifically refer to the article or only a section by using:

{{Recentism|article|date=March 2026}}
which renders as:

This article appears to be slanted towards recent events. (March 2026)

or {{Recentism|section|date=March 2026}}
which renders as:

This section appears to be slanted towards recent events. (March 2026)

Tag for confusing content

Example: {{Confusing|reason=REASON}}

-- which renders as:

This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, REASON.

-- and when a whole section is confusing:
Example: {{Confusing|section|reason=REASON}}

This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, REASON.

Tag for overly detailed content

See Wikipedia is not a newspaper and Fancruft.

For an article: {{overly detailed}}

-- which renders as:

This article contains an excessive amount of intricate detail.

For a section, with extra constraints as below:
{{Overly detailed|section|nosplit=1|details=|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}

-- which renders as follows (recommendation to split or remove content is removed; additional details are included):

This section contains an excessive amount of intricate detail. Specifically, [additional details go here]. (October 2024)

Tags for needing expansion

Section needs expansion: {{expand section}}

-- which renders as:

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information.

Section needs expansion (plus details of what): {{expand section|text}}

-- which renders as:

This section needs expansion with: whatever. You can help by adding missing information.

Article: {{missing information|text}}

-- which renders as:

This article is missing information about whatever.