User:Shakayahs821

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Original Article: Research consistently shows that the majority of rape and other sexual assault victims do not report their attacks to law enforcement.[1][2][3] The majority of women who are sexually assaulted do not report because of various reasons surrounding embarrassment and shame.[4] In order to encourage those in need of support/guidance to reach out for help, the stigma encompassing sexual assault must end. As a result of non-reporting, researchers generally rely on surveys to measure sexual assault. Research estimates that between 10%[5] and 29%[6] of women are a victim of rape or attempted rape since starting college. The National Crime Victimization Survey estimates that 6.1 sexual assaults occur per 1,000 students per year.[7] However, this source is generally believed by researchers to be a significant underestimate of the number of sexual assaults.[8] Methodological differences, such as the method of survey administration, the definition of rape or sexual assault used, the wording of questions, and the time period studied contribute to these disparities.[6] There is currently no consensus on the best way to measure rape and sexual assault.[8]

On campuses, it has been found that alcohol is a prevalent issue in regards to sexual assault. It has been estimated that 1 in 5 women experience an assault, and of those women, 50–75% have had either the attacker, the woman, or both, consume alcohol prior to the assault.[9] Not only has it been a factor in the rates of sexual assault on campus, but because of the prevalence, assaults are also being affected specifically by the inability to give consent when intoxicated and bystanders not knowing when to intervene due to their own intoxication or the intoxication of the victim.[9][10] (copied from article )

  1. [1]
    Ellen R. Girden; Robert Kabacoff (2010). Evaluating Research Articles From Start to Finish. SAGE Publishing. pp. 84–92. ISBN 978-1-4129-7446-2.
  2. [2]
    Alexander, Linda Lewis; LaRosa, Judith H.; Bader, Helaine; Garfield, Susan; Alexander, William James (2010). New Dimensions in Women's Health (5th ed.). Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-7637-6592-7.
  3. [3]
    Fisher, Bonnie; Daigle, Leah E.; Cullen, Frank (2010), "Being pursued: the stalking of female students", in Fisher, Bonnie; Daigle, Leah E.; Cullen, Frank (eds.), Unsafe in the ivory tower: the sexual victimization of college women, Los Angeles: Sage Pub., pp. 149–170, ISBN 9781452210483.
  4. [4]
    "Understanding Sexual Assault on Campus | BestColleges". www.bestcolleges.com. 10 September 2021.
  5. [5]
    "The Campus Sexual Assault Survey" (PDF). National Institute of Justice. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  6. [6]
    Rennison, C. M.; Addington, L. A. (2014). "Violence Against College Women: A Review to Identify Limitations in Defining the Problem and Inform Future Research". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 15 (3): 159–69. doi:10.1177/1524838014520724. ISSN 1524-8380. PMID 24488114. S2CID 29919847.
  7. [7]
    Sinozich, Sofi; Langton, Lynn. "Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization Among College-Age Females, 1995–2013". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  8. [8]
    Kruttschnitt, Candace; Kalsbeek, William D.; House, Carol C. (2014). Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. ISBN 9780309297370. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  9. [9]
    Pugh, Brandie; Ningard, Holly; Ven, Thomas Vander; Butler, Leah (2016). "Victim Ambiguity: Bystander Intervention and Sexual Assault in the College Drinking Scene". Deviant Behavior. 37 (4): 401–418. doi:10.1080/01639625.2015.1026777. S2CID 147081204.
  10. [10]
    Pugh, Brandie; Becker, Patricia (2018-08-02). "Exploring Definitions and Prevalence of Verbal Sexual Coercion and Its Relationship to Consent to Unwanted Sex: Implications for Affirmative Consent Standards on College Campuses". Behavioral Sciences. 8 (8): 69. doi:10.3390/bs8080069. ISSN 2076-328X. PMC 6115968. PMID 30072605.

Edited Article Insert: Alcohol consumption and errors of judgment are inevitable in college and on campuses worldwide, but studies have not taken into account how these universities approach preventative measures. Student specifically particularly vulnerable to sexual violence on campuses, so measures have to be taken to protect them. Consequently, a number of government efforts have mandated that colleges and universities create policies and programs to combat sexual violence. However, the impact of the efforts has received more attention than the experiences of the students, causing rates to progressively get higher over the years

  1. Vesta, Shawn. “Study Finds College Women Face Greater Risk of Sexual Violence than Others.” WSU Insider, WSU News & Media Relations, 5 Nov. 2025, news.wsu.edu/press-release/2025/11/05/study-college-women-face-greater-risk-of-sexual-violence-than-others/.
  2. McQueen, K., Murphy-Oikonen, J., & Hamm, J. (2025). Campus Sexual Assault: A Qualitative Review and Meta-Synthesis of Students’ Experiences of Campus Prevention Initiatives. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 26(5), 922–937.[1] This is a peer-reviewed article that serves as a credible source, focusing on students feedback and experiences with prevention initiatives. McMahon, S., Wood, L., Cusano, J., & Macri, L. M. (2019). Campus Sexual Assault: Future Directions for Research. Sexual Abuse, 31(3), 270–295.[2] This peer-reviewed article is a reliable source, as it examines two decades of research related to CSA, providing insights that can strengthen prevention efforts. Moylan, C. A., & Javorka, M. (2020). Widening the Lens: An Ecological Review of Campus Sexual Assault. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(1), 179–192[3] This is a peer-reviewed article and is a credible source, it focuses on institutional and contextual factors that influence campus sexual assault and offering evidence based guidance for prevention. Rice, L. K., ProQuest Information and Learning Co, & Alliant International University San Diego, CSPP. (2024). Institutional Betrayal and Its Implications on College Sexual Assault Survivors’ Coping Styles and Psychological Wellbeing. [Dissertation]. In Dissertations Abstracts International.[4]
    • This peer-reviewed study examines how institutional betrayal influences, Survivor coping styles and mental health offering evidence based recommendations for improving campus, safety, and support Klein, L. B., Rizzo, A. J., Woofter, R. C., & Cherry, L. E. H. (2021). Addressing alcohol’s role in campus sexual assault: Prevention educator perspectives. Journal of American College Health, 69(4), 422–427.[5] This peer-reviewed article is a reliable source, as it investigates alcohol‘s role in campus sexual assaults and offers accountable evidence based-strategies to enhance prevention efforrts

Related Articles

Wikiwand AI