Valery Troitskaya

In 1950, Valeria became a graduate student at the Institute of Physics of the Earth in Moscow. In 1953 she obtained her Ph.D. specializing in the study of geomagnetic micropulsations (magnetic pulsations in current parlance)—naturally occurring Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) sinusoidal variations of the geomagnetic field with periods of about one second to ten minutes as recorded on special magnetograms. She remained at the Institute of the Physics of the Earth until 1989, serving as chairman of the Electromagnetics Department for the last 27 years.

Recognizing the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal properties of ULF waves, Valeria advocated the installation of magnetic observatories in Russia and in other countries. She established magnetic observatories all over Russia, with a particularly notable one at the research community in the village of Borok, located halfway between Leningrad and Moscow. She developed joint research programs with Germany, Finland, England, the United States, Japan, Hungary, India, Cuba, Czechoslovakia and Australia. Especially with France she developed a program studying activity at geomagnetic conjugate points in the southern and northern hemispheres. In order to gain international support for her area of research and to facilitate communication between Soviet scientists and their colleagues elsewhere, she was active in many international scientific organizations including IAGA (International Association for Geodesy and Aeronomy) and COSPAR (Committee on Space Research). Through these activities and her scientific connections, she developed many close friendships. She maintained many of these friendships through correspondence until the time of her death.

The author of more than 300 scientific articles, Valeria received many awards at home and abroad. She was a Foreign Member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters and the Academia Leopoldina of Germany. The Royal Astronomical Society of London conferred on her the prestigious award of Associate. She was elected Honorary Member of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and served as member of its Bureau. She was the first woman to be elected President of the International Union of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. After moving to Australia in 1989, she became an Honorary Professor of the Department of Physics at La Trobe University. She was on the Steering Committee of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program from its start until September 1990.

In the early days of the space age, after extensively studying magnetograms from all over the world, Valeria developed a system of names for different types of magnetic pulsations, identifying them as either continuous (Pc's), or irregular (Pi's). She introduced colorful language (such as “pearls”) to characterize the appearance of some of these waves on magnetic records. Among Valeria's notable publications is a paper ^[2] that formally established this nomenclature for types of ULF waves and influenced permanently the way magnetic pulsations are analyzed. In another key paper, Valeria proposed that power in waves of 10s of second period observed on the surface of the earth could be used to infer the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field in the solar wind upstream of Earth's magnetosphere.^[3] This bold insight was confirmed by later work.

In 1996, a special session was held at the spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union to honor her in anticipation of her 80th birthday. Organized by Margaret Kivelson and David Southwood, the symposium entitled “ULF Waves: A Tribute to Valeria Troitskaya” ^[4] brought together colleagues from many countries who paid tribute to their beloved and much appreciated Mme. Troitskaya and described how her work on magnetic pulsations had provided the basis for major advances in understanding the magnetosphere and its dynamics.

Valeria's first husband Alexander Waisenberg died in 1985. In 1989 she married the well-known scientist Keith Cole. Keith also had been President of IAGA and was professor at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Keith and Valeria traveled and worked together in many parts of the world, including extensive stays at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Eventually they settled in Melbourne.

Valeria Troitskaya died in Melbourne, Australia, on January 22, 2010, at age 92.^[5]