Voiced bilabial trill
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʙ⟩ in IPA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A voiced bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is â¨Êâ©, a small capital letter b.
| Voiced bilabial trill | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ê | |||
| IPA number | 121 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ʙ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0299 | ||
| X-SAMPA | B\ | ||
| Braille |   | ||
| |||
Features
Features of a voiced bilabial trill:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates. In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the medianâlateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Plain
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medumba[citation needed] | [mÊÊÌ] | 'dog' | |||
| Ngwe | Lebang dialect[citation needed] | [à ÊɨÌ] | 'ash' | ||
| Dongo | bboÌ | [ÊÅ] | 'two' | Phonemic. Contrasts with /ÊÌ¥/.[1] | |
| Pirahã | kaoáÃbogi | [kà ò̯áÃ̯ÊòËɡì] | 'evil spirit' | Allophone of /b/ before /o/ | |
| Damin | pr2Ñuu | [Ê\ÊjuË] | 'branch' | Can either be single pr [Ê] or doubled pr2 [Ê\Ê] depending on the word | |
| Komi-Permyak[2] | [ÊuɲɡaÉ¡] | 'dung beetle' | Generally paralinguistic. Apart from interjections, [ÊuɲɡaÉ¡] is the only lexeme this sound is found in. | ||
| Kwomtari[3] | [example needed] | ||||
| Sko[3] | [example needed] | ||||
Prenasalized
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kele[4][5] | [áµÊulim] | 'face' | And other languages of the Admiralty Islands | ||
| Titan[4][5] | [áµÊutukei] | 'wooden plate' | |||
| Unua[6] | [áµÊue] | 'pig' | |||
| Ahamb[7] | [nãáµÊwas] | 'pig' | Phonemic; contrasts between /áµÊ/ and /ÊÌ¥/. | ||
| Kilmeri[3] | [example needed] | ||||
Prestopped trills and stops with trill release
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sangtam[8] | [kÊ°iË¥t̪͡Êa˧] | 'hip joint' | Word-medial realization of phonemic /t̪͡ÊÌ¥/, contrasts with aspirated /t̪͡Ê̥ʰ/.[8][9] | |
| Lizu[10][11] | TU, | [tÊ̩˥˩] | 'bean' | Syllabic; allophone of /u/ after initial /pÊ°, p, b, tÊ°, t, d/.[10] |
| Namuyi[12] | tbÄh | [tÍ¡Ê̩˨][12] | 'to slaughter' | [Ê] is classified as an allophone of /u/ following /p, b, t, d/ in the phonemic analysis of Huáng (1992:673â674), and YÇn (2016).[13] Phonemic according to PavlÃk (2017), occurring before /u/ or as a syllabic consonant; the trill components may be voiceless [ÊÌ¥] when preceded by voiceless plosives. No bilabial trills are present in the phonemic analysis of Nishida (2013). |
| dbù | [dÍ¡Êu˥˨][12] | 'wild' | ||
| pbÄh | [pÍ¡ÊÌ©][12] | 'to deliver' | ||
| [bÍ¡Êuda][12] | surname | |||
| Pumi[11] | biiv | [pÊÌ©Ë¥] | 'to dig' | Syllabic; allophone of /É/ after /pÊ°, p, b, tÊ°, t, d/. |
Phonology
In many of the languages in which the bilabial trill occurs, it occurs only as part of a prenasalized bilabial stop with trilled release, [mbÊ]. That developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel like [mbu]. In such instances, the sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following [u]. However, the trills in Mangbetu may precede any vowel[14] and are sometimes preceded by only a nasal.